| 中国东部平原农村居民点破碎化状况与成因分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 李学东,伍盘龙,刘云慧,宇振荣.中国东部平原农村居民点破碎化状况与成因分析[J].农业工程学报,2022,38(11):250-258. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李学东 伍盘龙 刘云慧 宇振荣 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 山东建筑大学建筑城规学院，济南 250101;;2. 内蒙古大学生态与环境学院，呼和浩特 010021;;3. 中国农业大学资源与环境学院，北京 100193;;3. 中国农业大学资源与环境学院，北京 100193; 4. 国土资源部农用地质量与监控重点实验室，北京 100035; |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目（2019YFD1100801） |
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| 摘 要： | 农村居民点破碎化导致中国农村地区公共服务设施与市政基础设施建设缺乏规模效益与服务效率，成为制约中国农村地区社会经济发展的重要因素。该研究采用空间分层取样法在中国东部平原地区选择了240个10 km×10 km的样点，以高分辨率遥感影像为数据基础，通过遥感影像目视解译、景观指数分析、热点分析等多种方法对中国东部平原农村居民点破碎化状况及其影响因素进行了研究，并分析了中国东部平原不同地区适宜的农村居民点数量与服务范围。结果表明：1）中国东部平原农村居民点破碎化程度表现为：长江中下游平原>东北平原>华北平原，破碎化程度最高的区域位于长江中下游平原，破碎化程度最低的区域位于华北平原与东北平原北部。2）气候、人口密度、耕作半径、土地开发时序、土地开发时期交通状况等自然、经济、社会因素在中国东部平原地区农村居民点空间分布格局形成过程中发挥着重要作用。3）中国东部平原地区每100 km2农村居民点数量不宜低于3～4个，每个村庄的服务范围不宜超过33.6～45.8 km2。4）华北平原为中国东部平原中开展农村居民点破碎化治理难度最大的区域，该区域尽量避免以整村迁并的形式开展农村居民点破碎化治理，而应以农户为单位，在农民自愿的基础上开展农村居民点迁并；长江中下游平原地区为中国东部平原农村居民点破碎化治理潜力最大的区域，该区域农村居民点布局优化应与农田布局调整协同推进，并根据不同地区耕作通勤状况合理确定中心村数量与位置，避免因农村居民点布局调整导致农民耕作不便。研究结果可为中国东部平原地区乡村空间重构过程中合理确定农村居民点数量与规模提供研究基础。
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| 关 键 词： | 农村 整治 景观破碎化 东北平原 华北平原 长江中下游平原 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022/2/20 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2022/5/6 0:00:00 |
Fragmentation status and causes of rural settlements in the eastern plains of China |
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| Li Xuedong,Wu Panlong,Liu Yunhui,Yu Zhenrong.Fragmentation status and causes of rural settlements in the eastern plains of China[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2022,38(11):250-258. |
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| Authors: | Li Xuedong Wu Panlong Liu Yunhui Yu Zhenrong |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China;;2. College of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China;;3. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;; 3. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; 4. Key Laboratory of Agricultural Land Quality and Monitoring, Ministry of Land and Resource, Beijing 100035, China; |
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| Abstract: | The average number of registered and permanent resident population in the natural village has been only 328.7 and 285.8, respectively, in China. The fragmentation of rural settlements has led to the lack of scale economies and service efficiency in the construction of public service facilities, further restricting the social and economic development of rural areas. The eastern plains of China share the largest agricultural population, the most concentrated farmland, and the largest scale of rural settlements. It is very necessary to systematically explore the fragmentation of rural settlements in this region. Taking the eastern plains of China as the study area, 240 sample points were selected in this study using spatially stratified sampling, each of which was a square of 10 km×10 km. The high-resolution remote sensing images were collected to determine the fragmentation status and causes of rural settlements in the study area using visual interpretation of remote sensing images, landscape index analysis, and hot spot analysis. In addition, the suitable number and service scope of rural settlements were further evaluated in different areas, according to the central place theory. The results indicate that: 1) The fragmentation status of rural settlements in the study area: the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River plain> the Northeast Plain> the North China Plain, where the areas with the highest fragmentation degree were located in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River plain, and the areas with the lowest degree of fragmentation were located in the North China Plain and the north of Northeast Plain. 2) The traffic situation during the land development period was the main reason for the spatial differentiation of the fragmentation of rural settlements. The population density, water system density, land development time, and land development policies also played an important role in the formation of the spatial distribution pattern of rural settlements. 3) The suitable farming radius in the eastern plain should not exceed 3.6-4.2 km, the rural settlements per 100 km2 should not be less than 3-4, and the service range of each rural settlement should not exceed 33.6-45.8 km2. 4) The North China Plain was the most difficult area in the eastern plain of China to carry out the relocation and merger of rural settlements so the relocation of rural settlements in this area should be carried out on a voluntary basis with farmers as units, rather than with villages as the unit. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River plain should be regarded as the key area for the consolidation of rural settlements, and the rural settlements should be gradually relocated and merged on the basis of farmers'' willingness. This finding can provide a standard basis to rationally determine the number and scale of rural settlements in the process of rural spatial reconstruction in the eastern plains of China. |
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| Keywords: | rural areas consolidation landscape fragmentation Northeastern China plain North China plain Middle and lower reaches plain of the Yangtze River |
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