| 太湖渔获物资源分析及渔业管理 |
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| 引用本文： | 沈振华,杨建忠,毛志刚等.太湖渔获物资源分析及渔业管理[J].安徽农业科学,2014(1):117-120,127. |
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| 作者姓名： | 沈振华 杨建忠 毛志刚等 |
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| 作者单位： | [1]江苏省太湖渔业管理委员会办公室,江苏苏州215004 [2]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,江苏南京210008 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家科技支撑计划项目（2012BAD25806/07）. |
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| 摘 要： | 根据2012年9～12月的太湖鱼类资源调查，结合历年渔业捕捞数据及渔具渔法等资料，分析了太湖渔业的发展趋势及其资源的空间分布特征。结果表明，太湖鱼类捕捞产量总体上呈不断增长的趋势，但近年来湖鲚等小型鱼类的比重不断增加，渔业资源的小型化衰退趋势明显。网簖与高踏网的捕捞产量主要集中在开捕初期，并且不同湖区的渔获物产量及组成存在显著差异。太湖各湖区的鱼类资源密度依次为湖心区〉东部湖区〉北部湖区；不同食性鱼类的资源分布亦存在明显差异，其中浮游食性鱼类的资源密度在湖心区最高，草食性鱼类则在东部湖区最高，这与浮游生物、水生植物等生物饵料的分布格局密切相关。针对太湖捕捞渔业特征及存在问题，提出严格控制捕捞强度、合理调整开捕时间和强化大型经济鱼类的增殖放流等建议，以期为太湖渔业资源的合理调控和有序保护提供科学依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 渔获物组成 渔业资源 渔业管理 太湖 |
Fish Catches Analysis and Fishery Management in Lake Taihu |
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| Institution: | SHEN Zhen-hua et al (Lake Taihu Fishery Management Commission of Jiangsu Province, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215004) |
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| Abstract: | Based on the historic data of fish catches and an investigation on fish resources during Sep. -Dec. in 2012 in Lake Taihu, the dy- namic variation of fishery resources and their spatial distribution characteristics were analyzed. The results showed the total fishery yield had increased quickly in recent years, and the percentage of small fishes had increased in fish catches, while the percentage of other large fishes had decreased rapidly. The tendency of smaller-scale fishery in Lake Taihu was more obvious. The main fishing catches of fish trap and bottom trawl concentrated in the beginning of the opening date and the fish density in different lake regions was in the order of center region of Lake Taihu 〉 eastern ,lake region 〉 northern lake region. Compared with fishery resources of different lake areas, the results indicated that plank- tivorous fish had the highest resource density in the center lake region, while the density of herbivorous fish was relatively higher in the eastern lake region, and these obvious differences among the compositions of catches in different lake regions reflected the influence of biological re- sources on the compositions of fishery resources. Finally, some management measures were offered to control the tendency of smaller-scale fishery based on the present research, such as controlling the fishing gear specifications and catching intensity, adjusting the catching time and raising the number of stocking large fish. |
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| Keywords: | Composition of fish catches Fishery resources Fishery management Lake Taihu |
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