Trends and advances in the diagnosis and control of paratuberculosis in domestic livestock |
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| Authors: | Kundan Kumar Chaubey Rinkoo Devi Gupta Saurabh Gupta Ashok Kumar Bhatia Sujata Jayaraman |
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| Institution: | 1. Microbiology Laboratory, Animal Health Division, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Mathura, India;2. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, GLA University, Mathura, India;3. Department of Life sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India;4. Department of Microbiology and Immunology, GLA University, Mathura, India;5. Amity Institutes of Microbial Technology, Amity University, Jaipur, India |
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| Abstract: | Paratuberculosis (pTB) is a chronic granulomatous enteritis caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP) in a wide variety of domestic and wild animals. Control of pTB is difficult due to the lack of sensitive, efficacious and cost-effective diagnostics and marker vaccines. Microscopy, culture, and PCR have been used for the screening of MAP infection in animals for quite a long time. Besides, giving variable sensitivity and specificity, these tests have not been considered ideal for large-scale screening of domestic livestock. Serological tests like ELISA easily detects anti-MAP antibodies. However, it cannot differentiate between the vaccinated and infected animals. Nanotechnology-based diagnostic tests are underway to improve the sensitivity and specificity. Newer generation diagnostic tests based on recombinant MAP secretory proteins would open new paradigm for the differentiation between infected and vaccinated animals and for early detection of the infection. Due to higher seroreactivity of secretory proteins vis-à-vis cellular proteins, the secretory proteins may be used as marker vaccine, which may aid in the control of pTB infection in animals. Secretory proteins can be potentially used to develop future diagnostics, surveillance and monitoring of the disease progression in animals and the marker vaccine for the control and eradication of pTB. |
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| Keywords: | Cattle paratuberculosis Johne's disease Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis secretory proteins review |
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