| 棉花短季直播栽培模式对产量构成及纤维品质的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 阳会兵,马一学,陈金湘,刘爱玉,代英男.棉花短季直播栽培模式对产量构成及纤维品质的影响[J].棉花学报,2016,28(2):160-169. |
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| 作者姓名： | 阳会兵 马一学 陈金湘 刘爱玉 代英男 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 湖南农业大学东方科技学院,湖南长沙410128;湖南农业大学棉花研究所,湖南长沙410128;2. 湖南农业大学棉花研究所,湖南长沙,410128 |
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| 基金项目： | 湖南省教育厅项目(14C0574)，湖南省大学生研究性学习和创新性实验计划项目(湘教通[2015]269号) |
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| 摘 要： | 为探索棉花短季直播高产栽培技术模式,2014年在湖南农业大学浏阳试验基地,采用"311"最优回归设计方案研究了播期、密度和施氮量对早熟品种JX0010的产量构成及纤维品质的影响。对不同处理的棉铃时空分布、棉花产量及纤维品质的分析结果表明:不同处理棉铃时间分布上以秋桃比例最大,空间分布上纵向分布以中下部成铃数所占比例大,横向分布以内围铃为主。根据结果,建立了3个栽培因子施氮量(x1)、密度(x2)、播种期(x3)与子棉产量的多项式回归方程:y=213.522+3.9331x1+6.414x2-21.4619x3-5.7541x12-4.321x22-7.5348x32~(-1)1.982x1x2-0.1645x1x3+3.5747x2x3。分析回归方程得出,单因子效应表现为播种期密度施氮量,交互作用表现为施氮量与密度的互作效应密度与播种期的互作效应施氮量与播种期的互作效应,根据回归方程得到子棉高产的最佳组合为施氮量202.35 kg·hm-2、密度6.20万株·hm-2、播种期5月19日,产量为5510.25 kg·hm-2。棉花纤维品质性状受影响的顺序为马克隆值断裂伸长率断裂比强度上半部平均长度长度整齐度指数。
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| 关 键 词： | 短季直播栽培 棉铃 时空分布 产量构成 纤维品质 |
Effect of the Short-Season and Direct-Seeding Cultivation Mode on the Yield and Fiber Quality of Cotton |
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| Institution: | 1. Oriental Institute of Science and Technology of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China; 2. Cotton Research Institute of Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China |
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| Abstract: | This study explored the effect of the short-season and direct seeding cultivation on cotton yield levels at the Liuyang experimental base of Hunan Agricultural University in 2014. The "311" optimal regression design was performed to investigate the effects of sowing date, planting density, and nitrogen application rate on yield components and fiber quality of early-maturing variety JX0010. The effects of different treatments on the temporal and spatial distribution, cotton yield, and fiber quality of cotton were analyzed. The results showed that the temporal distribution of cotton boll number was highest in autumn, and the spatial distribution of cotton boll number was the highest in the middle and lower parts of the plant while the lateral distribution was mainly within-boll. According to the experimental results, the polynomial regression equation of three cultural factors; nitrogen application rate (x1), density (x2), sowing date (x3), with seed yield were established as follows: y=213.522+3.9331x1+6.414x2－21.4619x3－5.7541x12－4.321x22－7.5348x32－11.982x1x2－0.1645x1x3+3.5747x2x3. Single-factor effect analysis revealed that sowing date ＞ planting density ＞ nitrogen application rate. Results showed that the interaction effect between nitrogen application rate and planting density ＞ planting density and sowing date > nitrogen application rate and sowing date. The optimum combination for high yield of seed cotton was a nitrogen application rate of 202.35 kg·hm－2, planting density of 6.2×104 plants·hm－2, and sowing date of May 19th. The highest cotton yield was 5510.25 kg·hm－2. The effect of cultivation factors on fiber quality indicated that micronaire ＞ breaking elongation ＞ breaking tenacity ＞ fiber upper half mean length > uniformity index. |
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| Keywords: | short-season and direct-seeding cultivation cotton boll temporal and spatial distribution yield components fiber quality |
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