| 化肥减量配施菌肥对氮素矿化利用的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 刘宇辉,张晴雯,田秀平,张爱平,刘杏认,杨正礼.化肥减量配施菌肥对氮素矿化利用的影响[J].核农学报,2019,33(8):1593-1601. |
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| 作者姓名： | 刘宇辉 张晴雯 田秀平 张爱平 刘杏认 杨正礼 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081;天津农学院农学与资源环境学院,天津300384;中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京,100081;天津农学院农学与资源环境学院,天津,300384 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2015ZX07203-007) |
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| 摘 要： | 为实现海河流域农田增效减负和氮素利用率的提高,通过设置不同氮磷化肥减量配施菌肥与有机肥处理,即对照(N 200 kg·hm-2,P2O5120 kg·hm-2,CK)、B1N2P2(菌肥17.5 kg·hm-2,N、P2O5均较CK减量25%)、B1ON1P1(菌肥1为7.5 kg·hm-2,有机肥为3 t·hm-2, N、P2O5均较CK减量50%)、B2N2P2(菌肥2为7.5 kg·hm-2,N、P2O5均较CK减量25%)、B2ON1P1(菌肥2为7.5 kg·hm-2,有机肥为3 t·hm-2,N、P2O5均较CK减量50%)。研究夏玉米各生育期的土壤氮素矿化特征和利用情况以及夏玉米产量构成因素。结果表明,菌肥和有机肥配施显著增加了土壤氮矿化量,在拔节期和抽雄期尤为明显,B1ON1P1的氮矿化量较B1N2P2分别高出151.29%、120.09%,B2ON1P1的氮矿化量较B2N2P2分别高出56.28%和245.04%。菌肥与中量化肥组合能促进玉米增产,菌肥1和菌肥2较对照分别增产9.01%和7.94%,B1N2P2的产量和穗粒数最高,产量达9 960.24 kg·hm-2,穗粒数较CK高出29.99%,B2N2P2的千粒重较CK高出2.28%;菌肥的施用能明显减少玉米的秃尖长度,以B2N2P2的降幅最大,较CK减少了73.29%。菌肥1能提高玉米氮素生理利用率和氮素收获指数,B1N2P2的吸氮总量明显高于B1ON1P1,这与产量构成因素是一致的。综上,化肥减量25%并配施菌肥能维持稳定的氮矿化量并提高产量及其构成因素。本研究为海河流域农田氮素科学管理和减少因过量施肥而造成的农业面源污染提供了理论依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 生物菌肥 化肥减量 氮矿化量 产量 碱解氮 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018-05-29 |
Combined Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction and Biofertilizer Application on Nitrogen Mineralization and Utilization |
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| LIU Yuhui,ZHANG Qingwen,TIAN Xiuping,ZHANG Aiping,LIU Xingren,YANG Zhengli.Combined Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Reduction and Biofertilizer Application on Nitrogen Mineralization and Utilization[J].Acta Agriculturae Nucleatae Sinica,2019,33(8):1593-1601. |
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| Authors: | LIU Yuhui ZHANG Qingwen TIAN Xiuping ZHANG Aiping LIU Xingren YANG Zhengli |
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| Institution: | 1 Institute of Environment & Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081; 2 College of Agriculture & Resource & Environment, Tianjin Agriculture University, Tianjin 300384; |
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| Abstract: | Biofertilizer has been identified as a substitute for chemical fertilizer to increase the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and crop production in sustainable crop-livestock farming. A field experiment with five treatments(CK, B1N2P2, B1ON1P1, B2N2P2, B2ON1P1) was conducted using reduced application of chemical fertilizer, combined with biofertilizer and organic fertilizer to study the nitrogen mineralization and utilization in different maize growing stages in the Haihe River Basin. The results showed that nitrogen mineralization amount among different growing stages had a similar dynamic changing tendency, but the two treatments combined with biofertilizer and organic fertilizer changed more obviously. In the jointing and tasseling stages, the nitrogen mineralization amount of B1ON1P1 was higher than that of B1N2P2 by 151.29%, 120.09% respectively; B2ON1P1 was 56.28% and 245.04% higher than B2N2P2, respectively. Biofertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer had significant effects on the yield of maize, and the yield of B1N2P2 was the highest, reached 9 960.24 kg·hm-2. The ear average kernel number of B1N2P2 was 29.99% higher than that of the CK. The 1000-kernel weight of B2N2P2was 2.28% higher than that of the CK. The application of biofertilizer significantly reduced the Barren ear tips length, and B2N2P2 length showed the sharpest reduce by 73.29% compared to CK. Biofertilizer 1 can increase nitrogen physiological utilization rate and harvest index. Total nitrogen absorption of B1N2P2 is significantly higher than that of B1ON1P1, which is consistent with the production composition factor. The results of the study showed that 25% reduction in chemical fertilizer and application of biofertilizer can maintain a stable nitrogen mineralization and increase summer maize yield and its components. This study provided reference and basis for the scientific management of nitrogen in farmland in Haihe River Basin and the reduction of agricultural non-point source pollution caused by excessive fertilization. |
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| Keywords: | biofertilizer chemical fertilizer reduction nitrogen mineralization amount yield available nitrogen |
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