| 水氮耦合对土壤水分时空分布与胡麻耗水特性及产量的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 崔政军,高玉红,剡斌,吴兵,牛俊义,赵邦庆,赵永伟,李瑛.水氮耦合对土壤水分时空分布与胡麻耗水特性及产量的影响[J].核农学报,2019,33(2):398-411. |
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| 作者姓名： | 崔政军 高玉红 剡斌 吴兵 牛俊义 赵邦庆 赵永伟 李瑛 |
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| 作者单位： | 甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070;甘肃农业大学农学院,甘肃兰州730070;甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070;甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院,甘肃兰州730070;定西市农业科学研究院,甘肃定西,743000 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金(31360315),现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金(CARS-17- GW-9),甘肃农业大学“伏羲杰出人才培育计划”项目(Gaufx-02J05) |
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| 摘 要： | 为明确水氮耦合效应对陇中黄土高原半干旱丘陵沟壑区胡麻耗水特性的影响,筛选出适宜当地的灌水量和施肥量,采用三因素裂区试验设计,以轮选2号(V1)、定压22号(V2)2个胡麻品种为主区,3个灌水量0(W1)、1 200(W2)和1 800 m^3·hm-2(W3)为副区,3个氮肥梯度0(N1)、60(N2)和120 kg·hm-2(N3)为副副区,研究水氮耦合对胡麻不同生育时期的耗水特性、产量及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,灌水量和施氮量主要影响100 cm以上土层土壤含水量,表现为W3>W2>W1,N3>N2>N1,成熟期0～100 cm土层平均土壤含水量W3较W2、W1分别高9.04%和30.93%,N3较N2、N1分别高5.96%和9.68%;品种、灌水、氮肥对产量有显著影响,V2较V1增加8.94%,W3、W2较W1分别增加40.35%和27.42%,N3、N2较N1分别增加13.86%和8.50%,除VXN外,各处理两因素间交互作用显著(P<0.01),而三因素间交互作用不显著;农学利用率随着灌水量、施氮量的增加而下降,偏生产力随着灌水量的增加而增加,随着施氮量的增加而下降。综合评价水氮互作效应对胡麻耗水特性、产量、水分利用效率及肥料利用效率的影响,建议在试验区条件选择V2品种、灌水为1 800 m^3·hm-2,施氮量为60 kg N·hm-2。综上,适宜的水氮耦合模式在增加旱地胡麻籽粒产量、促进土壤水分吸收的基础上,能够保证胡麻的高产高效。本研究结果为旱区胡麻高产栽培技术提供了理论依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 胡麻 水肥耦合 耗水特性 产量 水分利用效率 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018-07-17 |
Effect of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Soil Water and Water Consumption Characteristic and Grain Yield of Oil Flax |
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| CUI Zhengjun,GAO Yuhong,YAN Bin,WU Bin,NIU Junyi,ZHAO Bangqing,ZHAO Yongwei,LI Ying.Effect of Water and Nitrogen Coupling on Spatial and Temporal Distribution of Soil Water and Water Consumption Characteristic and Grain Yield of Oil Flax[J].Acta Agriculturae Nucleatae Sinica,2019,33(2):398-411. |
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| Authors: | CUI Zhengjun GAO Yuhong YAN Bin WU Bin NIU Junyi ZHAO Bangqing ZHAO Yongwei LI Ying |
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| Institution: | 1Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Arid land Crop Science, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070; 2 College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070; 3 College of Life Sciences and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou, Gansu 730070; 4 Dingxi Research Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Dingxi, Gansu 743000; |
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| Abstract: | In order to clarify the effects of water and nitrogen coupling on water consumption characteristics of oil flax in typical semiarid gully area of Loess Plateau and select the suitable local irrigation amount and fertilization application rate, the field experiment was conducted. The effects of water and nitrogen coupling on water use characteristics at different growth stages, grain yield, and water use efficiency of oil flax were studied by three-factor split. Two species of Lunxuan 2 (V1) and Dingya 22 (V2) were selected as the main area, three irrigations of 0 (W1), 1 200 (W2), and 1 800 m3·hm-2 (W3) were set as the sub-area, and three nitrogen fertilizer gradients of 0 (N1), 60 (N2), and 120 kg·hm-2 (N3) were the secondary sub-areas. The results showed that the irrigation amount and nitrogen rate mainly affected the soil water content above 100 cm soil depth, indicating that W3 was higher than W2 and W1, and N3 was higher than N2 and N1. The average soil water content of W3 in the 0~100 cm soil layer during maturity was 9.04% and 30.93% higher than W2 and W1, respectively, and N3 was 5.96% and 9.68% higher than N2 and N1, respectively. The variety, irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer significantly affected yield. The yield of V2 increased by 8.94% compared with the yield of W3 and W2 increased by 40.35% and 27.42%, respectively, compared with W1, and the yield of N3 and N2 increased by 13.86% and 8.50%, respectively, compared with N1. The interactive effects between water and nitrogen, variety and water, and variety and nitrogen were significant (P<0.01), however, the interactive effects among variety, water and nitrogen were not significant. The agronomic utilization efficiency decreased with the increase of irrigation amount and nitrogen application rate, the partial productivity increased with the increase of irrigation amount, and decreased with the increase of nitrogen application rate. These results suggested that selecting V2 with 1 800 m3·hm-2 irrigation amount and 60 kg N·hm-2 nitrogen fertilizer in test region was the best choice, which can increase grain yield and improve soil moisture absorption of oil flax in dryland. The results provide a theoretical basis for high-yield and high-efficiency cultivation of oil flax. |
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| Keywords: | oil flax water-nitrogen coupling water consumption characteristic grain yield water use efficiency |
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