| 秸秆腐解物对豇豆连作土壤性质及幼苗生理指标的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 陈昱,张福建,范淑英,王丰,王强,吴才君.秸秆腐解物对豇豆连作土壤性质及幼苗生理指标的影响[J].核农学报,2019,33(7):1472-1479. |
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| 作者姓名： | 陈昱 张福建 范淑英 王丰 王强 吴才君 |
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| 作者单位： | 江西农业大学农学院,江西南昌,330045;江西农业大学农学院,江西南昌,330045;江西农业大学农学院,江西南昌,330045;江西农业大学农学院,江西南昌,330045;江西农业大学农学院,江西南昌,330045;江西农业大学农学院,江西南昌,330045 |
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| 基金项目： | 江西省现代农业科研协同创新专项经费(JXXTCX2015005-002),江西省重点研发计划项目重大项目(20161ACF60015),江西省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(JXARS-06) |
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| 摘 要： | 为探究不同秸秆腐解物对豇豆连作土壤微生态环境和豇豆幼苗相关生理指标的影响,选用豇豆为试验材料,共设置芥菜秸秆腐解(T1)、大蒜秸秆腐解(T2)、对照处理(不加任何植株粉碎物的豇豆连作土,CK)3个处理,测定在不同处理下,豇豆连作地土壤微生物数量、土壤酶活性、土壤pH值和电导率,以及豇豆生长指标、叶绿素含量和抗氧化酶活性。结果表明,与CK相比,T2和T1处理均能显著提高土壤细菌数量,分别增加了50.02%和111.71%,放线菌分别显著增加了46.22%和17.53%,真菌分别显著降低了45.08%和33.80%。T2和T1处理均能提高土壤酶活性,其中T1处理的土壤脲酶、多酚氧化酶和蔗糖酶活性均为最高,与CK相比分别显著增加了10.74%、93.02%和283.83%;而T2处理的酸性磷酸酶活性最高,增幅为175.80%。此外,T2和T1处理均能显著提高豇豆连作土壤pH值,降低土壤电导率。种植豇豆后,T1处理能显著提高豇豆幼苗株高、茎粗、鲜重、干重和壮苗指数等指标,分别较CK增加了34.73%、9.33%、87.11%、100%和108.77%;但T2处理下豇豆的各生长指标与CK相比无显著性差异。T2和T1处理均能显著提高豇豆叶片叶绿素含量,显著降低丙二醛(MDA)含量,其中T1处理能提高豇豆幼苗过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物酶(POD)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,与CK相比分别显著增加了16.32%、19.21%和10.92%。综上,秸秆腐解物可为土壤生物提供不同的碳源和能源,维持土壤微生物群落多样性,改善土壤理化性质,从而促进豇豆根系吸收更多的养分,进而提高豇豆幼苗叶片叶绿素含量和抗氧化能力,有利于豇豆幼苗生长发育,达到缓解豇豆连作障碍的目的。本研究结果为实现豇豆生产的可持续性发展提供了理论依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 秸秆腐解 连作豇豆 土壤性质 生理指标 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018-01-31 |
Effects of Crop Straw Decomposition on the Soil Properties of the Continuous Cropping Cowpea and the Seedling Physiological Indexes |
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| CHEN Yu,ZHANG Fujian,FAN Shuying,WANG Feng,WANG Qiang,WU Caijun.Effects of Crop Straw Decomposition on the Soil Properties of the Continuous Cropping Cowpea and the Seedling Physiological Indexes[J].Acta Agriculturae Nucleatae Sinica,2019,33(7):1472-1479. |
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| Authors: | CHEN Yu ZHANG Fujian FAN Shuying WANG Feng WANG Qiang WU Caijun |
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| Institution: | College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330045 |
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| Abstract: | In order to study the effect of different straw decomposition materials on the micro-ecological environment of cowpea continuous cropping soil and the physiological indexes of cowpea seedlings, cowpea was chosen as experimental material. Three treatments were set as follows: the decomposition of mustard stalks (T1), the decomposition of garlic stalks (T2) and control check (soils of continuous cropping cowpea without any plant stalks, CK). Microbial number, enzyme activity, pH and electrical conductivity in soils of continuous cropping cowpea field were investigated under different treatments. In addition, the growth character, chlorophyll content and antioxidant enzyme activities of cowpea were measured. The results showed that compared with CK, both T2 and T1 treatments significantly increased the number of soil bacteria by 50.02% and 111.71%, actinomycetes by 46.22% and 17.53%, and fungi by 45.08% and 33.80% respectively. Moreover, the soil enzyme activities could be improved by both treatments. The activity of urease, polyphenol oxidase and sucrose in soil treated with T1 were the highest, which were significantly increased by 10.74%, 93.02% and 283.83%, respectively, compared with CK, while the activity of acid phosphatase in T2 treatment was the highest increased by 175.80%. Furthermore, the pH value in soils of continuous cropping cowpea was significantly improved, and soil electrical conductivity was reduced in both treatments. After planting cowpea, T1 treatment significantly increased the plant height, stem diameter, fresh weight, dry weight and seedling index of cowpea seedlings, which were increased by 34.73%, 9.33%, 87.11%, 100% and 108.77% respectively, compared with CK. However, there was no significant difference in growth index of cowpea treated with T2 compared with CK. In addition, both T2 and T1 treatments significantly improved the chlorophyll content and reduced the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) of cowpea leaves. The T1 treatment could improve the activity of CAT, POD and SOD of cowpea seedlings, increased by 16.32%, 19.21% and 10.92%, respectively, when compared with CK. To sum up, straw decomposed substances could provide different carbon sources and energies for soil organisms, maintaining the diversity of soil microbial community, improving the property of soil physical and chemical and promoting cowpea roots to absorb more nutrients. Therefore, the chlorophyll content and antioxidant capacity of cowpea seedlings were increased, which was beneficial to the growth and development of cowpea seedlings and alleviated the continuous cropping obstacle of cowpea. The results provided a theoretical basis for the sustainable development of cowpea production. |
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| Keywords: | crops decomposition continuous cropping cowpea soil properties physiological indicators |
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