The effects of different combinations of fixed and moving bed bioreactors on rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) growth and health,water quality and nitrification in recirculating aquaculture systems |
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| Institution: | 1. Natural Resources Institute Finland, Survontie 9A, 40500, Jyväskylä, Finland;2. Finnish Food Authority, Mustialankatu 3, 00790, Helsinki, Finland;3. Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Nanoscience center, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014, Jyväskylä, Finland;4. Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland;1. Technical University of Denmark, DTU Aqua, Section for Aquaculture, The North Sea Research Centre, P.O. Box 101, DK-9850 Hirtshals, Denmark;2. Aalborg University, Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Sohngårdsholmsvej 49, DK-9000 Aalborg, Denmark;1. Albrecht Daniel Thaer-Institute of Agricultural and Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Humboldt-University of Berlin, Invalidenstraße 42, 10115 Berlin, Germany;2. Department of Ecophysiology and Aquaculture, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587 Berlin, Germany;3. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Harry K. Dupree—Stuttgart National Aquaculture Research Center, P.O. Box 1050, Stuttgart, AR 72160, USA;4. Technical University of Denmark, DTU-Aqua, National Institute of Aquatic Sciences, Section for Aquaculture, North Sea Research Center, P.O. Box 101, DK-9850 Hirtshals, Denmark;1. Aquatic Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland (Luke), Survontie 9A, FI-40500 Jyväskylä, Finland;2. University of Jyväskylä, Department of Biological and Environmental Science, Box 35, FI-40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland;3. University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland;1. Fisheries Research Station of Baden-Württemberg, Argenweg 50/1, 88085 Langenargen, Germany;2. Fish Disease Research Unit, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bünteweg 17, 30559 Hannover, Germany;3. University of Konstanz, Mainaustraße 252, 78464 Konstanz, Germany;1. AQUOS-Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina (CCA, UFSC), Rodovia Admar Gonzaga 1346, 88040-900, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil;2. Chemical Engineering Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil;3. Aquaculture Department, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil;1. Technical University of Denmark, DTU Aqua, Section for Aquaculture, The North Sea Research Centre, P.O. Box 101, DK-9850 Hirtshals, Denmark;2. Norwegian Institute for Water Research, NIVA, Section for Aquaculture, Thormøhlensgate 53D, 5006 Bergen, Norway;3. Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, Department of Biotechnology and Food Science, N-7491 Trondheim, Norway |
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| Abstract: | The effect of bioreactor design on nitrification efficiency has been well studied, but less is known about the overall impacts on water quality. Besides nitrification, submerged fixed bed bioreactors (FBBR) trap fine solid particles, whereas moving bed bioreactors (MBBR) grind solids, possibly increasing solids and particle accumulation in the system. In this experiment, the effects of different combinations of fixed bed and moving bed bioreactors on water quality, solids removal, particle size distribution, fish health based on histopathological changes and nitrification efficiency were studied in laboratory scale recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) with rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Three set-ups with triplicate tanks were used: 1. two consecutive fixed bed bioreactors (FF); 2. a fixed bed bioreactor followed by a moving bed bioreactor (FM) and 3. two consecutive moving bed bioreactors (MM). Fish performance was not influenced by the design of the bioreactor, specific growth rate (SGR) being between 1.59 and 1.64% d?1 and feed conversion ratio (FCR) between 0.95 and 0.98. Water nitrite concentration was higher in the FF systems compared to FM and MM systems, whereas the average total ammonia nitrogen concentration (TAN) was not influenced by the treatments. Nitrification rate, which was measured in the laboratory, followed the water nitrite levels, indicating highest total ammonium oxidation rates in the MM systems. UV254 absorbance and total organic carbon (TOC) concentrations were higher in the groups with moving bed systems, indicating accumulation of organic substances in the circulating water. The total volume of particles was higher in the MM systems as compared to the FF systems. The total solids balance was similar in all the bioreactor groups, since the removal of solids by the FBBR backwash was compensated by the drum filter in the FM and MM systems. In general, no significant histopathological difference in gill, kidney, heart and liver tissue were observed between the RAS treatment groups and the flow-through treatment. |
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| Keywords: | Biofiltration Histopathology Particle size distribution Water quality monitoring |
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