mcr-1 encoding colistin resistance in CTX-M-1/CTX-M-15- producing Escherichia coli isolates of bovine and caprine origins in Tunisia. First report of CTX-M-15-ST394/D E. coli from goats |
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| Institution: | 1. National Risk Assessment Laboratory for Antimicrobial Resistance of Animal Original Bacteria, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China;2. College of Veterinary Medicine, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, P. R. China;3. Department of Animal Science, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA;1. Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho” (UNESP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil;2. Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire (ANSES) - Université de Lyon, Unité Antibiorésistance et Virulence Bactériennes, Lyon, France;3. Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto (FAMERP), São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brazil;1. INIAV – National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, Bacteriology and Micology Laboratory, Oeiras, Portugal;2. National Reference Laboratory of Antibiotic Resistances and Healthcare Associated Infections, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Health Dr Ricardo Jorge, Lisbon, Portugal;3. Centre for the Studies of Animal Science, Institute of Agrarian and Agri-Food Sciences and Technologies, University of Oporto, Oporto, Portugal;1. Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar-Ramtha, Irbid, Jordan;2. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Ar-Ramtha, Irbid 22110, Jordan;1. University of Tunis El Manar, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis- LR99ES09 Research Laboratory «Antimicrobial resistance», 1007 Tunis, Tunisia;2. Charles Nicolle Hospital, Laboratory of Microbiology, 1006 Tunis, Tunisia;3. Universidad de La Rioja, Area de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Logroño, Spain;4. University of Tunis El Manar, Institute of Veterinary Research of Tunisia-Laboratory of bacteriological research, Tunis, Tunisia |
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| Abstract: | The objective of this study was to isolate and characterize ESBL-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL-EC) from raw bovine and caprine milk samples, as well as from bovine faeces in Tunisia. Therefore, 120 bovine faecal samples and 9 caprine raw milk samples were collected from 2 extensive dairy-cow-farms and 5 ovine farms, respectively. In addition, 94 raw bovine milk samples, from containers and holding tanks from 50 small public-markets in the North of Tunisia, were processed for the isolation of cefotaxime-resistant E. coli (CTXR). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by disc-diffusion/broth-microdilution methods. The presence of genes encoding ESBL, as well as those encoding colistin (mcr-1 to 5 genes)- sulfonamide-, tetracycline-, gentamicin-, quinolone and chloramphenicol-resistance and class 1 integrons were tested by PCR (and sequencing in some cases). ESBL-EC isolates were further characterized by phylogrouping and MLST/PFGE typing. Eight samples (3.6%) contained ESBL-EC isolates (3/2 from raw bovine/goat milk and 3 from cattle faeces) and one isolate/sample was characterized. Four ESBL-EC isolates, all of bovine origin (3 faeces/1 milk), were resistant to colistin (MIC: 8–16 μg/ml), harboured the mcr-1 gene and carried IncP- and IncFIB-type plasmids. The 8 ESBL-EC strains had the following characteristics: a) bovine faeces: mcr-1/CTX-M-1/D-ST1642 (3 strains); b) raw milk: mcr-1/CTX-M-1/A-ST10 (1 strain); CTX-M-15/B1-ST394 (3 strains), and CTX-M-15/A-ST46 (1 strain). Most of bovine ESBL-EC isolates were multidrug-resistant (4/5). Our results showed that ESBL-EC were detected in bovine and caprine samples (CTX-M-1/CTX-M-15 producers), being some of them colistin-resistant (associated with mcr-1 gene), and they belonged to international clonal lineages. |
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| Keywords: | Antibiotic resistance ESBL Colistin Tunisia |
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