| 不同种植年限果园土壤退化成因分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 王治国,;付彦博,;饶晓娟,;耿庆龙,;孟阿静,;冯耀祖.不同种植年限果园土壤退化成因分析[J].农业科学与技术,2014(8):1331-1334. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王治国 ;付彦博 ;饶晓娟 ;耿庆龙 ;孟阿静 ;冯耀祖 |
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| 作者单位： | [1]新疆农业科学院,土壤肥料与农业节水研究所/绿洲养分与水土资源高效利用重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830091; [2]新疆农业职业技术学院,新疆昌吉831100 |
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| 基金项目： | 科技支疆（201191143）;新疆水利科技专项（2013T04,2013T05）;新疆农业科学院重点实验室建设项目（xjnkkl-2013-001） |
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| 摘 要： | 目的]通过研究不同种植年限枣园土壤营养元素含量变化特征，分析枣园种植年限对土壤营养元素变化的影响趋势，探明枣园退化关键原因，为枣园退化提供理论支持。方法]研究3年、5年、7年种植年限枣园，按照枣树冠幅内、外一周各取0~20 cm和20~40 cm各4个土样混合，分析土壤速效氮磷钾、有机质、全氮、盐分、微量元素含量，分析土壤营养元素含量变化特征。结果]3年、5年、7年果园冠幅内外土壤0~20 cm和20~40 cm土壤微量元素（效硼、铜、铁、锰、锌）和土壤速效钾随着种植年限而降低；冠幅内土壤0~20 cm土壤速效氮、有机质随着种植年限增加而降低；冠幅外土壤20~40 cm的土壤有机质、速效氮、速效磷含量随着种植年限的增加而降低。结论]由于新疆南部地区果园普遍不施微肥以及不施或少施钾肥，而随着种植年限的增加，果树根系及作物吸收消耗了土壤有效硼、铜、铁、锰、锌和钾元素，使得土壤微量及钾肥呈现降低趋势。同时果树和大田作物根系分布的差异性以及大田作物间耕作效应，使得冠幅内外在不同深度土壤养分含量存在差异性；果树根系较深，对冠幅外土壤深层养分吸收消耗较多，随着种植年限的增加，在施肥过程中不能及时补充就会造成土壤养分消耗降低，使得果园土壤退化。
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| 关 键 词： | 果园 土壤退化 土壤速效养分 土壤微量元素 |
Analysis of Soil Degradation Causes in Orchards with Different Planting Years |
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| Institution: | Zhiguo WANG, Yanbo FU, Xiaojuan RAO, Qinglong GENG, Ajing MENG, Yaozu FENG(1. Institute of Soil and Fertilizer and Agricultural Sparing Water Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Urumqi 830091, China; 2. Xinjiang Agricultural Vocational Technical College, Changji 831100, China) |
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| Abstract: | The aim was to analyze effects of jujube planting years on changes of soil nutrient elements and explore the causes of orchard degradation by researching variation characteristics of soil nutrient contents in orchards with different planting years, providing theoretical support for the soil degradation of jujube or-chards. Method] Soil samples were col ected in depth at 0-20 and 20-40 cm from the sites in or out of tree canopy scope in jujube orchards with 3, 5 and 7 plan-ning-years, to analyze contents of available N, P and K, organic matter, total N, salts, and trace elements, as wel as changes of nutritional elements. Result] Avail-able boron, copper, iron, manganese, zinc and available potassium in soils of jujube orchards with 3, 5 and 7 years planting history reduced as planting year increased, which coincided with that in the soil of 20-40 cm. Conclusion] Because trace ele-ments are never applied in southern Xinjiang, available B, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn and available K would be consumed by tree root growth. Due to root distribution differ-ences and ploughing effects in fields, the contents of nutrients tend to be volatile in or out of tree canopy scope. Tree root in deeper soils absorbs more nutrients, and soil nutrients would decrease dramatical y if additional chemical fertilizers are not provided, leading to soil degradation. |
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| Keywords: | Orchard Soil degradation Soil available nutrient Trace element in soil |
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