| 宁夏六盘山几种典型水源涵养林林分结构与水文功能的关系简 |
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| 引用本文： | 孙浩,杨民益,余杨春,熊伟,王彦辉,曹恭祥,杜敏,王云霓,于澎涛.宁夏六盘山几种典型水源涵养林林分结构与水文功能的关系简[J].中国水土保持科学,2014(1):10-18. |
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| 作者姓名： | 孙浩 杨民益 余杨春 熊伟 王彦辉 曹恭祥 杜敏 王云霓 于澎涛 |
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| 作者单位： | [1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,北京100091 [2]宁夏回族自治区固原市原州区林业总场,宁夏固原756000 [3]宁夏固原市六盘山国营林业局,宁夏固原756401 [4]中南林业科技大学林学院,长沙410002 |
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| 基金项目： | 项目名称：国家＂十二五＂科技计划课题＂黄河流域土石山区水源涵养林体系构建技术研究与示范＂（2011BAD38B0503）;林业公益性行业科研专项经费＂西北典型区域基于水分管理的森林植被承载力研究＂（200904056）,＂西北土石山区典型森林植被对水资源形成过程的调控研究＂（201104005-02）;国家自然科学基金＂气候变化背景下黄土高原土地利用影响径流的空间尺度效应＂（41230852） |
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| 摘 要： | 为量化水源涵养林林分结构与其水文功能之间的关系,以宁夏六盘山香水河小流域内的4种典型结构林分（华北落叶松＋灌木复层林、华北落叶松纯林、稀植乔木的天然灌丛林、天然灌丛林）为对象,在生长季内定位观测各林分的结构特征、冠层和枯落物截持及林下蒸散量的变化.结果表明：1）林冠截留率的大小表现为天然灌丛林（25.92％）＞华北落叶松纯林（23.38％）＞华北落叶松＋灌木复层林（22.81％）＞稀植乔木的天然灌丛林（22.07％）.2）林下枯落物层的持水性能表现为华北落叶松＋灌木复层林（26.49 t/hm2）＞华北落叶松纯林（23.06 t/hm2）＞稀植乔木的天然灌丛林（16.89 t/hm2）＞天然灌丛林（14.45 t/hm2）.3）林下日均蒸散量以稀植乔木的天然灌丛林最大（1.09 mm/d）,其次为华北落叶松＋灌木复层林（0.96 mm/d）,而华北落叶松纯林（0.88 mm/d）和天然灌丛林较小（0.69 mm/d）.4）回归分析表明：冠层截留量随着林分叶面积指数的增加而增加,在不同降雨强度条件下（除暴雨外）,二者的关系可以很好地用指数函数来表达（P＜0.01）;在排除林外气象因子变化对林内环境的干扰外,林下蒸散量随着林分叶面积指数的增加而呈对数函数的下降趋势（R2=0.639,P＜0.01）.
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| 关 键 词： | 人工林 灌丛 叶面积指数 冠层截持 枯落物 土壤蒸发 |
Relationship between stand structure and hydrological functions of typical water conservation forests in Liupan Mountains of Ningxia |
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| Institution: | Sun Hao(The Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China)〈br〉,Yang Minyi(The Forestry Administration of Yuanzhou District, 756000, Guyuan, Ningxia, China)〈br〉,Yu Yangchun(Liupanshan Forestry Bureau of Ningxia, 756401, Guyuan, Ningxia, China)〈br〉,Xiong Wei(The Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China)〈br〉,Wang Yanhui(The Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China)〈br〉,Cao Gongxiang(The Research Institute of Forest Ecology, Environment and Protection, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China)〈br〉,Du Min(College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410002, Changsha, China)〈br〉 |
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| Abstract: | To quantify the relationship between stand structure and hydrological functions of water conservation forests,the characteristics of forest structure,interception of canopy and litterfall,and evapotranspiration from understory layer were studied in four forest stands with different structures （i.e.,mixed forest of Larix principis-rupprechtii and shrub,pure L.principis-rupprechtii forest,mixed shrubs with sparse arbor trees,natural shrubs） during the growing season,which were located at a small catchment of Xiangshuihe of Liupan Mountains of Ningxia.The results showed that there were significant differences in hydrological functions between forest stands.The order of canopy interception percentage was natural shrubs （25.92％） ＞ pure Larix forest （23.38％） ＞ mixed Larix forest and shrubs （22.81％） ＞ mixed shrubs （22.07 ％）.The water holding capability of litter followed the order of mixed Larix forest （26.49 t/hm2） ＞ pure Larix forest （23.06 t/hm2） ＞ mixed shrubs （16.89 t/hm2） ＞ natural shrubs （14.45 t/hm2）,which might be the result of the depth and composition of litterfall.The daily mean evapotranspiration of understory layer of mixed shrubs was the highest （1.09 mm/d） among the four stands,followed by mixed Larix forest （0.96 mm/d）,while pure Larix forest （0.88 mm/d） and natural shrubs （0.69 mm/d） were lower,and it was possibly attributed by the difference in light distribution in the forest floor among stands due to different canopy structures.Regression analysis showed that canopy interception increased with increasing leaf area index （LAI）,and the relationships can be well-described in an exponential function （P ＜ 0.01） at different rainfall intensities （except for heavy rain）.Excluding the interference of meteorological factors outside the stands to the forest microenvironment,evapotranspiration of understory layer decreased with increasing LAI following a logarithm function （R2 =0.639,P ＜ 0.01）.It suggests that the changes in light and temperature caused by canopy structure are main reasons for soil water loss. |
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| Keywords: | plantation shrubs leaf area index canopy interception litterfall soil evapotranspiration |
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