Biological soil disinfestation using ethanol: effect on <Emphasis Type="Italic">Fusarium oxysporum</Emphasis> f. sp. <Emphasis Type="Italic">lycopersici</Emphasis> and soil microorganisms |
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| Authors: | Noriaki Momma Mari Momma Yuso Kobara |
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| Institution: | (1) Japan Horticultural Production and Research Institute, 2-5-1, Kamishiki, Matsudo Chiba, 270-2221, Japan;(2) National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, 3-1-3, Kannondai, Tsukuba Ibaraki, 305-8604, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Better soil disinfestation methods, such as biological soil disinfestation (BSD), that are environmentally safe are increasingly
been developed and used because of rising concerns related to environmental risks. We evaluated the efficacy of soil disinfestation
using ethanol to control the fungus Fusarium
oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici, which causes fusarium wilt of tomato. Survival of bud cells and chlamydospores declined markedly in soil saturated with
diluted ethanol solution in the laboratory. In field trials, artificially added nonpathogenic Fusarium
oxysporum and indigenous F. oxysporum were both strongly suppressed in soil saturated with 1% ethanol solution; a wheat bran treatment was not as effective. The
artificially added fungus was not detected in three of four sites treated with ethanol but was detected in three of four sites
amended with wheat bran. Using ethanol in pre-autoclaved soil was not suppressive; thus native microorganisms are essential
for the suppression. This ethanol-mediated biological soil disinfestation (Et-BSD) temporarily increased the number of anaerobic
bacteria, but the number of fungi and aerobic bacteria was stable. Polymerase chain reaction–denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis
(PCR–DGGE) analysis revealed slight but apparent differences in bacterial community structures in the soil treated with Et-BSD
compared with the structure in soils after other treatments such as water irrigation and in the control soil, which received
neither organic amendment nor irrigation after 15 days. Et-BSD is a potentially effective and easy soil disinfestation method,
and its impact on native, beneficial microorganisms is moderate. |
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