| 多情景退耕还林对林地生物多样性保护价值的潜在影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 赵兵兵,刘殿锋.多情景退耕还林对林地生物多样性保护价值的潜在影响[J].农业工程学报,2022,38(20):239-249. |
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| 作者姓名： | 赵兵兵 刘殿锋 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 武汉大学资源与环境科学学院，武汉 430079；;1. 武汉大学资源与环境科学学院，武汉 430079；2. 数字制图与国土信息应用工程自然资源部重点实验室，武汉 430079 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金面上项目（42171414；41771429） |
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| 摘 要： | 退耕还林对生物多样性保护具有显著的正向影响，评估其生物多样性保护生态服务价值意义重大。现有研究多采用当量法计算生物多样性保护的生态服务价值，但该方法未考虑不同林地类型的差异化生物多样性价值，因而难以实现空间精细化评估。该研究从生态连通视角切入，以云南省保山市施甸县为例，根据坡度和相关政策设定1种现状情景（情景I）与3种退耕情景（情景II、情景III与情景IV），采用形态空间模式识别生态源地、指数法分析生态连通性和斑块重要性，进而计算各情景下的生物多样性保护的生态服务价值。在此框架中，该研究通过空间精细化手段修正各类林地的当量因子系数。结果表明：随着物种扩散距离的增加，生态连通性增加，情景II、III和IV的森林的生物多样性保护的生态服务价值均呈现增加趋势，依次增加了3.02×107、4.7×106和1.57×107元，更有助于增加生物多样性保护生态服务价值的退耕方式是情景II；从修正当量角度看，情景II、III和IV的修正当量系数分别为1.51、1.46和1.47，最有利的退耕情景为退耕程度最小的情景II，而退耕程度最大的情景III却没有取得相应的成效。研究表明，除退耕程度外，栖息地空间结构和分布也是影响生物多样性保护价值的因素，三者共同构成确定退耕还林形式和建立生态补偿机制的关键依据。同时，该研究通过实地调研和回归模型验证了结果的准确性，为探究其他区域提供理论依据。
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| 关 键 词： | 退耕还林 生物多样性 生态系统服务 生态连通性 修正当量 |
| 收稿时间： | 2022/3/29 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2022/10/7 0:00:00 |
Potential impacts of multi-scenario farmland reforestation on the biodiversity conservation values of forests |
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| Zhao Bingbing,Liu Dianfeng.Potential impacts of multi-scenario farmland reforestation on the biodiversity conservation values of forests[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2022,38(20):239-249. |
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| Authors: | Zhao Bingbing Liu Dianfeng |
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| Institution: | 1. School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China;; 1. School of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China; 2. Digital Mapping and Key Laboratory of Land Information Application Engineering Department of Natural Resources, Wuhan 430079, China |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: Farmland reforestation can exert some positive impacts on the biodiversity conservation in forests. It is very necessary to evaluate the response of ecosystem services to biodiversity conservation in recent years. Particularly, the ecosystem assessment of biodiversity conservation can greatly contribute to the decision-making on returning farmland to forests for future ecological benefits. There is a heterogeneous spatial distribution of biodiversity conservation functions, depending mainly on habitat fragmentation, corridors, and ecological connectivity. Among them, a key indicator of biodiversity conservation function can be the response process of ecological connectivity to the policy of returning farmland to forests. In previous studies, the equivalence method was widely employed to calculate the ecosystem service value of biodiversity conservation. However, the spatially explicit assessment of ecosystem service values cannot be performed without considering the effect of different woodland categories on the equivalence coefficients. Furthermore, farmland reforestation can benefit from the balance of economic development and ecological conservation during the spatial land allocation, especially in a fluctuating terrain with a large probability of natural disasters. Taking Shidian County, Yunnan Province, China as the study area, this study aims to clarify the effect of three farmland reforestation scenarios on the biodiversity conservation values of forest land. The morphological analysis model and ecological connectivity index were integrated to identify the ecological importance of the forest patches. The spatial relationship with the local physical factors (slope and forest coverage) was selected to adjust the coefficients of ecological service value for the biodiversity conservation in the various types of forest land. The changing trend of values was used to determine the maximum benefit and the feasibility of returning farmland to forests under different scenarios. The results showed that the farmland reforestation significantly altered the land use structure and pattern. The ecological source areas of the four scenarios were 21 425.20, 32 266.15, 27 838.22, and 28 507.13 hm2, respectively. The ecological connectivity showed a significant increase in the diffusion distance from 1500 to 10000 m. There was an upward trend in the ecological service value of forest biodiversity conservation under the different scenarios, increasing by 3.02×107, 4.7×106, and 1.57×107 Yuan, respectively, with the increase of species dispersal distance. There was a high significance between the biomass with the slope and altitude in the different types of forest land. Therefore, the maximum revised equivalence factor was obtained as Scenario II, according to the revised equivalence factor formula and the average forest biomass density in China. Scenario II presented the least conversion of farmland to forest. In the value assessment of biodiversity conservation, the maximum and minimum were Scenario II, and III, respectively. Correspondingly, Scenario II can be expected to increase the ecological service value of biodiversity conservation. Anyway, the spatial structure and distribution of forest habitats can also provide solid guidelines for the decision making on reforestation policies and ecological compensation, as well as the intensity of farmland reforestation. |
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| Keywords: | farmland reforestation ecological connectivity coefficient correction biodiversity ecosystem services |
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