| 安徽省畜牧业环境承载力及粪便替代化肥潜力评估 |
| |
| 引用本文： | 耿维,孙义祥,袁嫚嫚,邬刚,王家宝.安徽省畜牧业环境承载力及粪便替代化肥潜力评估[J].农业工程学报,2018,34(18):252-260. |
| |
| 作者姓名： | 耿维 孙义祥 袁嫚嫚 邬刚 王家宝 |
| |
| 作者单位： | 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 |
| |
| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划（2016YFD0200806）和安徽省农业科学院科技创新团队（18C1021）资助 |
| |
| 摘 要： | 为评估安徽省畜牧业粪便的环境影响及其节肥潜力,该文利用统计学的方法,借助ArcGIS软件进行数据处理和表达,从土壤对养分需求的角度,分析了安徽省16市77县(区)畜牧业粪便的氮磷钾养分资源总量及其对耕地的环境风险,基于安徽省当前化肥施用现状,评估了粪便资源作为有机肥对化肥的替代潜力。结果表明,2016年安徽省粪便资源总量为5 804万t,主要集中在皖北6市25个县(区),占全省资源总量的61%,粪便养分总量为70.75万t,可替代安徽省同期化肥施用量的21.83%,若充分还田,可使单位农作物播种面积化肥施用强度由346降至270 kg/hm2。畜牧业废弃物对安徽省农用地环境污染风险不高,50%化肥施用比例条件下,有6个县(区)的畜禽粪便环境污染风险指数大于1,这些地区属于环境污染高风险地区。研究结果可为安徽省畜牧业产业合理布局、粪便资源化利用和实现化肥零增长目标提供研究基础。
|
| 关 键 词： | 粪便 养分 有机肥 畜牧业 环境承载力 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018/4/3 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2018/7/20 0:00:00 |
Evaluation of environmental carrying capacity and manure organic fertilizer instead chemical fertilizer potential of animal husbandry in Anhui |
| |
| Geng Wei,Sun Yixiang,Yuan Manman,Wu Gang and Wang Jiabao.Evaluation of environmental carrying capacity and manure organic fertilizer instead chemical fertilizer potential of animal husbandry in Anhui[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2018,34(18):252-260. |
| |
| Authors: | Geng Wei Sun Yixiang Yuan Manman Wu Gang and Wang Jiabao |
| |
| Institution: | Soil and Fertilizer Institnte, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China,Soil and Fertilizer Institnte, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China,Soil and Fertilizer Institnte, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China,Soil and Fertilizer Institnte, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China and Soil and Fertilizer Institnte, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China |
| |
| Abstract: | Abstract: The excessive application of agricultural chemical fertilizer and the rapid development of animal husbandry threaten the safety of soil, water and atmosphere, which become the main problems that restrict the development of green agriculture and animal husbandry in China, and have attracted great attention from the government. As an important agricultural production base in China, Anhui Province has consumed large quantities of chemical fertilizer every year. In 2016, Anhui Province was the fifth largest province in China that consumed 3.27 million tons chemical fertilizer, and has large potential and high pressure on the reduction of chemical fertilizer. Besides, with the growth of animal husbandry and the change of the feeding structure, production of livestock and poultry feces has increased continuously in Anhui, which would lead to high environmental pressure if they were not treated. However, nutrients from feces could also partially replace the chemical fertilizer to supply nutrient for soil. According to the demand of development target of circular agriculture and ecological agriculture, considering from the point of view of the nutrient requirements of the soil, statistical analysis method and ArcGIS software were used to estimate the total resources of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium from feces and the environmental risk of livestock and poultry feces was measured (from pig, cattle, sheep and poultry) in 77 counties of Anhui by its environmental carrying capacity in this paper. By the comparison with the fertilization application in counties of Anhui Province in 2016, the substituting potential of livestock and poultry feces for chemical fertilizer was evaluated. Results showed that the total amount of feces in Anhui Province in 2016 was 58.04 million tons, which was mainly concentrated in 25 counties in the northern plain of Anhui, accounting for 61% of the total resources in the province. Anhui had low risk of environmental pollution from animal husbandry on cultivated land, except 6 counties where actual quantity in animal husbandry exceeded the environmental carrying capacity by 50%, and it is necessary to guard against the potential source pollution of large-scale farms in some areas. Anhui has a large quantity of nutrients from feces which was 70.75 million tons in 2016, which could satisfy 21.83% of the total application of chemical fertilizer. There were 40 counties and 6 counties respectively with chemical fertilizer substitution potential of more than 20% and close to or over 50% particularly. Considering the situation of all manure returning to the field, fertilizer application per hectare in Anhui Province can be reduced from 346 to 270 kg/hm2, and fertilizer application intensity in 32 counties can be reduced to below the FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization) limit. The research provides the basis for the rational distribution of livestock industry, and the utilization of feces resources, and is helpful to develop fertilizer application reduction program with the county as the unit and to carry out the overall promotion of organic fertilizer substitution projects, which have important guiding significance to achieve the goals of reducing fertilizer application and zero growth of fertilizer in 2020 in Anhui Province. |
| |
| Keywords: | manures nutrients organic fertilizers animal husbandry environmental carrying capacity |
| 本文献已被 CNKI 等数据库收录！ |
| 点击此处可从《农业工程学报》浏览原始摘要信息 |
| 点击此处可从《农业工程学报》下载免费的PDF全文 |
|
