| 我国集约化奶牛养殖场粪污污染综合防治全链条技术模式评价 |
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| 引用本文： | 于佳动,赵立欣,姚宗路,李佩琪,冯晶,罗娟,叶炳南.我国集约化奶牛养殖场粪污污染综合防治全链条技术模式评价[J].中国乳业,2021,0(11):12-22. |
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| 作者姓名： | 于佳动 赵立欣 姚宗路 李佩琪 冯晶 罗娟 叶炳南 |
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| 作者单位： | 1 农业农村部规划设计研究院农村能源与环保研究所,农业农村部农业废弃物能源化利用重点实验室,北京 100125; 2 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京 100081 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFD0800106） |
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| 摘 要： | 我国奶牛粪污产量大、成分复杂、处理效率低、污染风险高,集约化养殖场粪污污染综合防治效率亟需提升。基于我国奶牛养殖场主要分布区域的3 000 头以上大型集约化奶牛养殖场,开展了粪污污染综合防治技术模式评价研究,对粪污污染综合评价指标体系确定权重,进行指标赋值,提出评分标准,开展技术模式评价,因地制宜提出大型集约化奶牛养殖场粪污污染综合防治最佳技术模式。结果表明,技术指标在指标体系分配权重最高,占比59.36%,其次为经济指标和环境指标。15 个评价指标共赋值203 个,形成评分标准。凝练出6 种“全链条”粪污污染综合防治技术模式,其中,以厌氧发酵技术为核心的“干清粪干发酵气肥联产+沼渣肥农田施用”模式、以垫料化技术为核心的“干清粪垫料+粪肥农田施用”模式分别适合在华北和西北地区推广应用,而以肥料化技术为核心的“干清粪堆肥+全量还田利用”模式在北方地区都较为适用。该研究可为集约化奶牛养殖场粪污污染综合防治提供参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 粪污污染综合防治 集约化奶牛养殖场 评分标准 技术模式 |
Evaluation of Full Chain Technology Model for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Manure Pollution in Intensive Dairy Farms in China |
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| YU Jiadong,ZHAO Lixin,YAO Zonglu,LI Peiqi,FENG Jing,LUO Juan,YE Bingnan.Evaluation of Full Chain Technology Model for Comprehensive Prevention and Control of Manure Pollution in Intensive Dairy Farms in China[J].China Dairy,2021,0(11):12-22. |
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| Authors: | YU Jiadong ZHAO Lixin YAO Zonglu LI Peiqi FENG Jing LUO Juan YE Bingnan |
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| Institution: | 1Center of Energy and Environmental Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Engineering, Key Laboratory of Energy Resource Utilization from Agriculture Residue, Ministry of Agriculture,Beijing 100125; 2Institute of Agriculture Environment and Sustainable Development,Chinese Academy of Agriculture Science, Beijing 100081 |
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| Abstract: | China's dairy manure has large output,complex composition,low treatment efficiency and high pollution risk,so the comprehensive prevention and control efficiency of intensive farms manure pollution needs to be improved. Based on more than 3 000 large-scale intensive dairy farms in the main distribution areas of dairy farms in China,this paper has carried out the evaluation research on comprehensive control of manure pollution,determined the weight of the comprehensive evaluation index system of manure pollution,assigned the index,put forward the scoring standard,systematically trained and evaluated six "full chain" comprehensive control technology models of manure pollution,and proposed the best technology model for comprehensive control of manure pollution in large-scale intensive dairy farms according to local conditions. The results show that technical indicators have the highest weight in the index system,accounting for 59.36%,followed by economic indicators and environmental indicators. A total of 203 evaluation indexes were assigned to 15 evaluation indexes,forming a scoring standard;The model of "coproduction of dry manure and dry fermentation gas and fertilizer+biogas residue fertilizer applied in farmland" with anaerobic fermentation technology as the core is suitable for use in North China,and the model of "dry manure and manure applied in farmland with padding technology as the core" is suitable for use in Northwest China,while the model of "dry manure and compost+full amount returned to farmland for utilization" with fertilizer technology as the core is applicable in all three regions,which has the characteristics of wide application area and strong applicability for prevention and control of manure pollution. This study can provide reference for comprehensive prevention and control of manure pollution in intensive dairy farms. |
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| Keywords: | comprehensive prevention and control of manure pollution intensive dairy farms grading standards technical mode |
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