| 坡面水流滚波特征参数超声波自动测量系统构建与试验 |
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| 引用本文： | 杨苗,龚家国,张宽地,范典,赵勇,王浩.坡面水流滚波特征参数超声波自动测量系统构建与试验[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(3):134-139. |
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| 作者姓名： | 杨苗 龚家国 张宽地 范典 赵勇 王浩 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院,杨凌,712100;2. 中国水利水电科学研究院水资源研究所,北京,100038 |
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| 基金项目： | 流域水循环模拟与调控国家重点实验室自主研究课题（2015ZY01、2015TS01）；国家自然科学基金青年基金项目（51209222）；中国水利水电科学研究院基本科研业务费专项项目（WR0145B022016）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 精确高效的观测手段是深入研究坡面薄层水流特性的基础。基于系统集成理论和自动化测量原理,结合高精度超声波水位传感器,研制坡面水流滚波特征参数测量系统。在光面玻璃床面,5种坡度和5种单宽流量条件下进行实际测量应用,评价测量系统的精确度及稳定性,并与人工测针法和目测法测量结果比较分析。结果表明,测量数据相对误差为0.23%,变异系数为0.66%;测量系统和传统测量方法测得的滚波波峰值最为接近,滚波频率、波速和波长的接近程度依次减弱;相比人工测量方法,超声波测量操作简便,自动化程度高且能够进行持续稳定观测,具有较好地测量精度和可靠性,能够满足坡面水流滚波特性研究需求。研究成果在坡面水流测量手段改进方面具有广阔的运用前景。
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| 关 键 词： | 超声水位计 流量 测量 滚波特征参数 薄层水流 坡面 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016/6/1 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2016/11/10 0:00:00 |
Establishment and experiment of ultrasonic measuring system for characteristic parameters of roll waves on slope surface |
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| Yang Miao,Gong Jiaguo,Zhang Kuandi,Fan Dian,Zhao Yong and Wang Hao.Establishment and experiment of ultrasonic measuring system for characteristic parameters of roll waves on slope surface[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(3):134-139. |
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| Authors: | Yang Miao Gong Jiaguo Zhang Kuandi Fan Dian Zhao Yong and Wang Hao |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;,2. Department of Water Resources, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China;,1. College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;,1. College of Water Conservancy and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China;,2. Department of Water Resources, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China; and 2. Department of Water Resources, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing 100038, China; |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: The precise study of free surface flows is explored mostly because of their importance in construction of soil erosion models. The accurate and efficient observation methods can lay a solid foundation for the further study of characteristics of slope flow. The objective of this work was to design an experimental system for measuring roll waves. The system was based on a high-precision ultrasonic sensor. The measurement system was composed of ultrasonic sensors, data acquisition box and the computer. The experiment was carried out in a hydraulic flume. The unit discharge varied from 0.167 to 0.500 L/(m·s), and slope gradient was from 3o to 15o. The system was calibrated and the results showed that the average relative error of the measurement system was 0.23%. The average coefficient of variation was 0.66%. The main parameters of roll waves included wave velocity, wave frequency, wave length and wave peak. In this study, by recording roll waves observed in the same section, the relationship between water depth and time was obtained by ultrasonic flowmeter. The average interval time of data acquisition was 15 ms so that the sensor could catch the change of water level in time. Roll wave frequency was obtained by observing the cross section peaks in unit time. Wave velocity could be obtained by two sensors. The two sensors recorded the time that the same roll wave passed through the section and also measured the distance of the two sensors. The wave velocity was calculated as the ratio of distance and duration. The wave length was calculated by the wave velocity and the frequency. The results measured by the proposed system were compared with that obtained from the stylus method and visual method. The results showed that the wave peak measured by the system was mostly similar with that from the stylus method, followed by roll wave frequency, wave velocity and wave lengths. The measuring system had better accuracy and reliability to reach measurement requirements of characteristic parameters of roll waves on slope surface. For the same observation section, the rolling wave was not constant in the measurement process. The wave peak, wave velocity and the frequency had the average coefficient of variation of 0.238, 0.806 and 0.430. The ultrasonic measuring system can continuously work and provide reliable measurements for roll wave parameters. As compared with the conventional method, the measuring system greatly reduced test time and effort to improve test efficiency. The research results have wide application foreground in the improvement of the water flow measurement method on the slope surface. |
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| Keywords: | ultrasonic flowmeters flow rate measurements roll wave characteristic parameters sheet flow slope surface |
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