| 我国短季棉50年产量育种成效研究与评价 |
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| 引用本文： | 喻树迅.我国短季棉50年产量育种成效研究与评价[J].棉花学报,2005,17(4):232-239. |
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| 作者姓名： | 喻树迅 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国农业科学院棉花研究所,农业部棉花遗传改良重点开放实验室,安阳,455004 |
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| 摘 要： | 对198份短季棉材料的系谱分析和短季棉品种的基因型值分析表明:①20世纪90年代品种皮棉单产比50年代增产50.29%,比60年代增产51.44%,比70年代增产26.6%、比80年代增产20.8%。②在产量构成因素中以衣分和铃重提高为主要增产模式,提高枯黄萎病抗性也是重要增产因素。③育种技术从50年代系统选育到杂交、复交、多父本混交、辐射育种、空间技术育种、生物技术育种对品种提高取得了非常重要的作用,特别是采用生化遗传育种解决短季棉早熟早衰,选育早熟不早衰、青枝绿叶吐白絮的早熟、优质、多抗短季棉品种行之有效。④中棉所系列品种和辽棉系列品种育种技术路线不同,辽棉以缩短棉花前期营养生长,提高早熟性,以延长铃期,增加铃重,提高产量和纤维品质。中棉所系列至90年代发展较成熟的生化遗传育种技术,在缩短生育期的前提下,适当延长前期营养生长期,增加光合产物积累,延缓棉株早衰,增加后期光合作用;通过大幅度提高衣分,增加皮棉产量;靠缩短生殖生长期、吐絮畅而集中等提高早熟性;通过提高SOD酶等抗氧化酶系统,提高抗性和延缓衰老,达到各性状综合协调提高。
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| 关 键 词： | 短季棉 育种 产量 |
| 文章编号： | 1002-7807(2005)04-0232-08 |
| 修稿时间： | 2004年12月13 |
Research and Appraisal of Short Season Upland Cotton Breeding Achievements in China |
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| YU Shu-xun.Research and Appraisal of Short Season Upland Cotton Breeding Achievements in China[J].Cotton Science,2005,17(4):232-239. |
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| Authors: | YU Shu-xun |
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| Abstract: | Through the analysis on the genealogical records of 198 short seasons upland cotton varieties, indicated that 64. 7% of the short season cotton idioplasmic originated from King series, 13. 6% from the Deltapine series, 19. 8% from the former Soviet Union varieties. Therefore the King series are main gene source to short seasons upland cotton in China. Based on the genotype value of the short season upland cotton varieties: (1) Lint yield of 1990s' varieties came up to 1183. 5 kg per hectare, increased by 50. 29% compared with varieties of 1950s', 51. 44% with the 1960s', 26. 6% with the 1970s', and 20. 8% with the 1980s'. (2)The increase of lint percentage and boll weight are two main factors for yield. (3)Cotton breeding technology has obtained the extremely vital role to increase the varieties' output in last 50 years, from conventional selection to cross breeding, hybrid breeding, radio-active breeding, spatial technology breeding, biological technology breeding, etc. Specially effective while using biochemistry heredity breeding to solve the problem of short season cotton precocious early ageing, to breed precocious with green leaves, high quality, and multi-resistance. (4) The routes of breeding technology are different between CCRI series varieties and the Liao series varieties. The breeding of Liao series emphasized on reducing vegetative growth, enhancing early maturity, lengthens the boll growing time, increasing the boll weight, and enhancing the output and fiber quality. While CCRI series cotton was used development mature biochemistry heredity breeding technology in 1990's,in the base of reducing the period of all growing stages, and suitably lengthening the preliminary nutrition vegetal period, increasing photosynthesis product accumulation, delaying plant premature senility, increasing later period photosynthesis. Depends on large scale enhancing lint percentage, lint yield was increased. Depends on reducing the procreation period and etc,the early maturity was enhanced. Depends on enhances SOD enzymes and other anti oxidase system, Enhanced the resistance and delay senility, Achieved various characters synthesis coordination enhancement. |
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| Keywords: | short season upland cotton breeding achievements yield |
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