| 猪粪化肥配施对稻田土壤氮素含量及氮肥利用效率的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 孙铭鸿,蒋炳伸,沈健林,宋变兰,李巧云,李勇,吴金水.猪粪化肥配施对稻田土壤氮素含量及氮肥利用效率的影响[J].农业现代化研究,2021,42(1):175-183. |
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| 作者姓名： | 孙铭鸿 蒋炳伸 沈健林 宋变兰 李巧云 李勇 吴金水 |
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| 作者单位： | 湖南农业大学资源环境学院,中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,航天建筑设计研究院有限公司,湖南农业大学资源环境学院,中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所,中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目（2018YFC0213302，2017YFD0800104） |
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| 摘 要： | 化肥有机肥在农田的配施对改良土壤性质、提高养分利用率具有较好的效果,还提升了有机废弃物的循环利用效率。为此,为明确猪粪化肥配施对南方典型双季稻田土壤氮素含量及氮肥利用效率的影响,在双季稻田系统进行田间定位试验。试验共设置了4个处理,即不施氮肥处理(N0)、50%化学氮肥处理(1/2N)、100%化学氮肥处理(N)和猪粪替代50%氮肥处理(1/2N+M)。测定了稻田土壤全氮、有效氮(铵态氮和硝态氮)、微生物生物量氮、水稻氮含量并计算氮吸收量。结果表明:在定位试验开展后第5~6年,猪粪替代50%氮肥处理土壤全氮含量较100%化学氮肥处理显著提高15%;而不施氮肥导致土壤全氮含量显著下降达20%。猪粪化肥配施显著增加晚稻季土壤铵态氮含量。水稻氮肥吸收主要与氮肥用量、土壤全氮含量、铵态氮含量和微生物生物量氮成正相关。2年内猪粪化肥配施较全量氮肥显著提高了晚稻季水稻氮素吸收及氮肥利用率,提升幅度分别为9.2%~18.0%和19.6%~43.0%,且水稻产量略有提升。早稻季猪粪化肥配施较全量氮肥水稻籽粒产量、水稻氮素吸收及氮肥利用率无显著差异或出现显著下降。研究表明,双季稻体系猪粪替代50%氮肥可提高晚稻季稻田土壤氮素有效性,减少化肥施用并提高氮肥利用率。
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| 关 键 词： | 土壤氮素 猪粪化肥配施 水稻产量 水稻氮吸收 氮肥利用率 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020/10/4 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2021/1/6 0:00:00 |
The effects of combined application of pig manure and chemical fertilizers on soil nitrogen contents and nitrogen use efficiency in a subtropical paddy field |
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| SUN Ming-hong,JIANG Bing-shen,SHEN Jian-lin,SONG Bian-lan,LI Qiao-yun,LI Yong and WU Jin-shui.The effects of combined application of pig manure and chemical fertilizers on soil nitrogen contents and nitrogen use efficiency in a subtropical paddy field[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2021,42(1):175-183. |
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| Authors: | SUN Ming-hong JIANG Bing-shen SHEN Jian-lin SONG Bian-lan LI Qiao-yun LI Yong and WU Jin-shui |
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| Institution: | College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University,Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences,China Aerospace Academy of Architectural Design & Research Co, Ltd,College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University,Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences |
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| Abstract: | The combined application of chemical fertilizers and organic fertilizers in farmland promotes the recycling of organic waste, and has also effects on improving soil properties and increasing nutrient utilization efficiency. In this study, a field experiment with four treatments, that is no nitrogen fertilizer (N0), half of the nitrogen fertilizer (1/2N), 100% of the nitrogen fertilizer (N) and pig manure substituting 50% of the chemical nitrogen fertilizer (1/2N+M), was conducted to explore the effects of combined application of chemical fertilizers and pig manure on soil nitrogen contents and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in the double rice cropping system in Changsha county, Hunan Province, so as to provide theoretical support for reducing the application of chemical fertilizers. The soil total nitrogen (STN), available nitrogen (NH4+-N and NO3--N), microbial biomass nitrogen (SMBN), rice yield and rice nitrogen contents were measured in four rice seasons in the 5 and 6 years after the beginning of the field experiment. The results showed that STN increased significantly by 19% in the 1/2N+M treatment as compared with the N treatment, while STN decreased significantly by 20% in the N0 treatment. Soil NH4+-N contents significantly increased in the late rice season in the 1/2N+M treatment as compared with the N treatment. Rice nitrogen uptake was mainly positively correlated with nitrogen application rate, STN, soil NH4+-N and SMBN contents. In the two-year experiment, the rice nitrogen uptake and NUE in the late rice season for the 1/2N+M treatment increased significantly by 9.2%~18.0% and 19.6%~43.0%, respectively, as compared with the N treatment. However, there were no significant increase or decrease of these parameters in the early rice season. This study indicates that combined application of chemical fertilizers and pig manure can increase soil nitrogen availability, reducing chemical fertilizers application, and increasing nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency in the late rice season in the double rice cropping system. |
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| Keywords: | soil nitrogen combined application of pig manure and chemical fertilizers rice yield rice N uptake N use efficiency |
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