| 马铃薯不同品种(系)和稻、薯轮作模式对根结线虫病的防治效果 |
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| 基金项目： | China Agriculture Research System (Potato, CARS-09-15P). |
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| 摘 要： | 根结线虫病是马铃薯连作减产的主要原因之一。为研究根结线虫病的农艺防治措施,本文开展了品种抗性评价、稻、薯轮作和土壤淹水下的线虫消减动态研究。抗性评价试验表明, 18个品种(系)中没有筛选到同时抗南方根结线虫和爪哇根结线虫的材料,品系1002-1和品种丽薯6号相对抗性较好,青薯9号和合作88相对敏感。马铃薯根结线虫发病土壤中可同时检测到卵、幼虫和成虫等不同形态。水旱轮作试验表明,经一茬水稻栽培可使土壤中根结线虫虫态完全消失,再种植马铃薯也不再发生根结线虫病,且马铃薯有效产量显著提高,青薯9号、合作88和丽薯6号的单株有效产量较对照分别提高50.5%、43.7%和26.0%,差异均极显著, 1002-1单株有效产量与对照差异不显著。由此可见,稻、薯轮作根结线虫防治效果明显。为进一步探索水旱轮作的防治机制,观察了土壤淹水进程中各种虫态消减动态。结果表明,在淹水过程中,根结线虫的卵、幼虫和成虫不同虫态此消彼长,要淹水60 d以上,土壤中才检测不到所有形态虫体。水早轮作中水稻生长期淹水时间足够长,满足防治线虫的淹水条件。因此结合抗病品种选用进行稻、薯轮作是防治马铃薯根结线虫病既绿色环保又可持续有效的方法。
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| 收稿时间： | 2019-12-09 |
Control effects of different potato varieties (lines) and rice-potato rotation system on root-knot nematode |
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| Authors: | WU Chao LIU Xian-Wen ZHANG Wei WANG Qiong GUO Hua-Chun |
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| Institution: | Tuber and Root Crops Research Institute, College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, China |
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| Abstract: | Root-knot nematode disease, induced by Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica, is one of the main reasons of crop failure in potato continuous cropping in Yunnan province. Variety resistance evaluation, rice-potato rotation model and dynamic changes were studied in order to assess the protect-and-control treatment of potato root-knot nematode disease. Variety resistance evaluation, rice-potato rotation model and dynamic changes were all studied in order to evaluate the protect-and-control treatment of potato root-knot nematode disease. The results from the variety resistance evaluation indicated that among the 18 potato cultivars (lines) no resistant materials were screened resistant to both Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne javanica, whereas the 1002-1 line and Lishu 6 displayed better disease resistance, Qingshu 9 and Cooperation 88 were more sensitive to potato root-knot nematode disease. All kinds of the egg, larva and imago of root-knot nematodes were simultaneously detected in soil with the root-knot nematodes disease. However, after rice-potato rotation, the egg, larva and imago of root-knot nematodes were to disappear entirely in soil, and the root knot nematode disease was no longer occurred in the following potato planting process. Furthermore, the tuber yield per plant of Qingshu 9, Cooperation 88 and Lishu 6 compared with control were significantly different increased by 50.5%, 43.7%, and 26.0%, respectively. These results suggested rice-potato rotation could be an effective way to control potato root knot nematode disease. In addition, to further analyzed the mechanism of rice-potato rotation inhibiting root-knot nematode survival, we observed the dynamic changes of the amount on root knot nematodes in the case of soil flooding. The results showed that no different states of the insect state were detected until submerged more than 60 days. Therefore, we speculated prolonged soil flooding may be the main reason for inhibiting the growth of root-knot nematodes. It is a sustainable and effective method to control potato root-knot nematode by selecting rice-potato rotation with disease-resistant varieties. |
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| Keywords: | potatoes varieties (lines) rice-potato rotation cropping root-knot nematode control effect |
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