| 不同土壤改良措施对机械压实酸化蔗地土壤理化性质及微生物群落结构的影响 |
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| 基金项目： | This study was supported by the Science Foundation of Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University(CXZX2017345);the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest of China(201503119-04-01);the Earmarked Fund for China Agriculture Research System(CARS-17);the National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane Open Fund(2016-3-1);the National Engineering Research Center of Sugarcane Open Fund(2017-2-1) |
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| 摘 要： | 探讨不同土壤改良措施对土壤物理性质、养分、微生物和甘蔗产量的影响,对机械压实后酸性土壤改良策略的制定具有较为重要的意义。本研究设置添加松土精(B2)、添加生物菌肥(B3)、添加有机肥(B4)、添加生石灰(B5)4种土壤改良处理,以不添加土壤改良剂作为对照(B1),连续2个作物季对蔗地土壤物理性质、养分、微生物和甘蔗产量构成等指标进行研究。结果表明, B4处理可显著降低土壤容重、紧实度、贯入阻力和抗剪强度,提高土壤总孔隙度、通气孔隙度和毛孔孔隙度,其固相容积率显著低于对照,液相容积率显著高于对照,土壤有机质含量、全氮含量得到显著提升, B2、B3处理紧实度和总孔隙度降低,土壤物理性状得到一定改善, B5处理土壤pH值显著提升,土壤酸性得到改善, B3、B5处理土壤有效磷含量得到显著提升。4种土壤改良措施土壤细菌和真菌Shannon指数、Chao1指数和ACE指数均高于对照,均能提升土壤耕层细菌和真菌的物种多样性和物种丰富度,降低土壤细菌中Proteobacteria (变形菌门)和Acidobacteria (酸杆菌门)的相对丰度、真菌中Basidiomycota (担子菌门)的相对丰度,增加细菌中Actinobacteria (放线菌)和Chloroflexi (绿弯菌门)的相对丰度、真菌中Ascomycota (子囊菌门)的相对丰度,并改变其他真菌群落组成。4种土壤改良措施均可不同程度地提高成熟期甘蔗有效茎数和单茎重,从而增加甘蔗产量;效果以添加有机肥最好,生物菌肥其次。本研究为筛选适合改良和培肥机械压实酸性土壤措施,提高甘蔗产量提供了科学依据。
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| 收稿时间： | 2019-07-19 |
Effects of different soil improvement measures on soil physicochemical properties and microbial community structures in mechanically compacted acidified sugarcane field |
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| Authors: | LUO Jun LIN Zhao-Li LI Shi-Yan QUE You-Xiong ZHANG Cai-Fang YANG Zai-Qi YAO Kun-Cun FENG Jing-Fang CHEN Jian-Feng ZHANG Hua |
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| Institution: | 1.Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs / Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, Fujian, China;2.Lituo Agricultural Services Co. Ltd., Laibin 546100, Guangxi, China |
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| Abstract: | Exploring the effects of different soil improvement measures on soil physical properties, soil nutrients, soil microorganisms and sugarcane yield is of great significance to make the improvement strategy for mechanically compacted acidic soil. In the present study, four soil improvement treatments including applications of loosening soil essence (B2), bacterial manure (B3), organic fertilizer (B4), and quicklime (B5) were set up, with no soil amendment as control (B1) to explore the physical properties, nutrients and microorganisms of soil and sugarcane yield components in two successive crop seasons. The application of organic fertilizer (B4) significantly reduced soil bulk density, soil compactness, soil penetration resistance and shear strength resistance and significantly improved total porosity, aeration porosity and pore porosity of soil. The solid-phase volume ratio of soil was significantly lower than that of control, while the liquid-phase volume ratio of soil was significantly higher than that of control, and the organic matter content and total nitrogen of soil were also significantly improved in B2 treatment. The soil compactness and total porosity of B2 and B3 treatments were reduced, improving the soil physical properties to some extent. The soil pH of B5 treatment was significantly improved. The soil available phosphorus content of B3 and B5 treatments was significantly increased. The Shannon index, Chao1 index, and ACE index of soil bacteria and fungi treated with B2, B3, B4, and B5 were higher than those of the control. The four soil improvement measures improved the species diversity and richness of bacteria and fungi in tilled soil layer, reduced the relative abundance of Proteus, Acidobacteria, and basidiomycetes increased the relative abundance of Actinomycetes, Curvularia and ascomycetes, and changed the composition of other fungal communities. These four soil improvement measures improved the number of effective stems and single stem quality of sugarcane at maturity stage to varying degrees, resulting in increased yield of sugarcane. Among them, the effect of organic fertilizer was the best, and followed by that of bacterial manure. This study provides a scientific basis for screening suitable measures to improve the fertility of the mechanically compacted acidic soil, and increase sugarcane yield. |
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| Keywords: | sugarcane sugarcane field soil improvement soil physical properties yield microbial community structures |
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