| 条带耕作错位种植对灌区春玉米产量形成与冠根特征的影响 |
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| 基金项目： | National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFD0201806);National Natural Science Foundation of China(31960382) |
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| 摘 要： | 2017年和2018年在内蒙古通辽市科尔沁区农业高新科技示范园区,以农华101为供试材料,采用条带耕作错位种植(苗带耕作, 15 cm+45 cm小双行错位播种, TGCW)和等行常规种植(旋耕, 60 cm等行距, CK)两种模式, 6.75万株hm~(–2)、8.25万株hm~(–2)、9.75万株hm~(–2) 3个种植密度,研究条带耕作错位种植模式对西辽河平原灌区春玉米冠根协调特征及产量形成的调控效应。结果表明,相比于等行距常规种植,条带耕作错位种植的产量显著提高,其中8.25万株hm~(–2)增幅最明显, 2017年和2018年分别提高13.1%和13.8%,该模式吐丝后干物质积累量及积累率具有明显优势,较强的物质积累明显延缓了生育后期叶片衰老,同时穗位上和穗位层透光率显著提高,生育后期叶面积指数、净光合速率和群体光合势均显著高于CK。该模式生育后期各土层植株根干重显著高于CK,高密度下更为明显,且20～60 cm根系占比高,吐丝期单位根重获得的籽粒产量和成熟期根冠比均具有明显优势。该模式的这些优点是促成西辽河平原灌区春玉米增产的主要原因之一。
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| 收稿时间： | 2019-09-23 |
Effects of strip-till with staggered planting on yield formation and shoot-root characteristics of spring maize in irrigation area of Xiliaohe plain |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Yu-Qin YANG Heng-Shan LI Cong-Feng ZHAO Ming LUO Fang ZHANG Rui-Fu |
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| Institution: | 1.College of Agronomy, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao 028042, Inner Mongolia, China;2.Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China |
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| Abstract: | A field research was conducted in the Agricultural High-tech Demonstration Park in Horqin District of Tongliao, Inner Mongolia, using the maize variety Nonghua 101 with two cropping modes, including strip-till with staggered planting (seeding strip tillage, 15 cm + 45 cm narrow-double row staggered sowing, TGCW) and conventional tillage with equal row space (rotary tillage with row space of 60 cm, CK), and three planting densities (67,500 plants hm -2, 82,500 plants hm -2, and 97,500 plants hm -2) in 2017 and 2018 to study the effect of strip-till with staggered planting on regulating spring maize yield formation and coordination characteristics of shoot-root in irrigation areas of Xiliao river plain. The model of that strip-till with staggered planting enhanced maize yield by 13.1% and 13.8% in 2017 and 2018, under the planting density 82,500 plants hm -2 compared with CK, respectively. The strip-till with staggered planting showed a distinct advantage on the amount and rate of dry matter accumulation after silking, which obviously delayed the senility of leaves in later growth stage, meanwhile, compared with CK, the light transmittance significantly increased in or above panicle layers. The leaf area index, net photosynthetic rate and population photosynthetic potential in the model of strip-till with staggered planting were higher than those in CK in late growth stage. At later growing stage, the strip-till with staggered planting had significantly higher root dry weight than CK in different soil layers, with the highest root ratio in 20-60 cm, especially under higher planting density. The grain yield against per unit of root weight at silking and root-shoot ratio at maturity had a distinct advantage. In conclusion the strip-till with staggered planting combined with high planting density can increase light transmission rate in above-spike layer in late growing stage, alleviate leaf area decline, increase production capacity, facilitate root growth and increase root ratio in deeper soil layers. Shoot-root coordination under dense planting is one of the main reasons facilitating yield increase of spring maize in irrigation areas of Xiliao river plain. |
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| Keywords: | spring maize strip-till with staggered cultivation maize yield crown-root characteristics |
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