| 青海高原春小麦留茬高度对后茬绿肥生物量和水分利用效率的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 李飞,宋明丹,蒋福祯,韩梅,严清彪,李正鹏.青海高原春小麦留茬高度对后茬绿肥生物量和水分利用效率的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2020,38(6):13-140. |
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| 作者姓名： | 李飞 宋明丹 蒋福祯 韩梅 严清彪 李正鹏 |
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| 作者单位： | 河北农业大学农学院, 河北 保定 071000;河北农业大学农学院, 河北 保定 071000; 农业部张北农业资源与生态环境重点野外科学观测试验站，河北 张家口 076450;河北北方学院农林科技学院， 河北 张家口 075000 |
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| 基金项目： | 河北省现代农业产业体系“马铃薯品种筛选与繁育”（HBCT2018080201） |
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| 摘 要： | 采用裂区试验设计，以华北坝上及其周边寒旱区15个常规栽培品种为供试材料，设置不施氮与施氮两个水平，从块茎产量、氮吸收量、氮生物学效率、肥料氮农学效率、偏生产力、表观利用率等方面进行不同品种氮效率评价；在此基础上，采用隶属函数法对各品种进行综合氮效率鉴评与分类。结果表明：品种、施氮水平、品种×施氮水平等对马铃薯产量具有极显著的影响，在不施氮肥的条件下北方002的产量最高，为5 863 kg·hm-2，冀张薯12号的氮素生物学效率最高，为92.10 kg·kg-1；在施氮肥的条件下荷十五的产量最高，为8 284 kg·hm-2，V7的氮素生物学效率最高，为59.05 kg·kg-1。15个品种在氮效率性状如地力产量、施氮肥后产量、块茎氮吸收量、肥料氮农学效率、肥料氮偏生产力、肥料氮表观利用率等方面存在宽幅变异，变幅范围为21%~58%。在未施氮肥条件下，马铃薯不同品种产量（Y）与块茎含氮量（X）呈极显著负相关，Y=-0.0019X+22.045（R2=0.6269**）；在施氮条件下，产量与块茎含氮量无显著相关，而肥料氮表观利用率（Y）与肥料氮偏生产力（X）之间呈极显著正相关，Y=1.617X-21.784（R2=0.7465**）。隶属函数分析表明，荷十五、希森6号与斯凡特（F8）具有较高的综合氮效率，可作为氮高效品种应用于生产或作为氮高效种质材料。
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| 关 键 词： | 马铃薯 品种 氮效率评价 隶属函数 华北寒旱区 |
Effects of stubble height of spring wheat on biomass and water use efficiency of green manure on Qinghai Plateau |
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| LI Fei,SONG Mingdan,JIANG Fuzhen,HAN Mei,YAN Qingbiao,LI Zhengpeng.Effects of stubble height of spring wheat on biomass and water use efficiency of green manure on Qinghai Plateau[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2020,38(6):13-140. |
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| Authors: | LI Fei SONG Mingdan JIANG Fuzhen HAN Mei YAN Qingbiao LI Zhengpeng |
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| Institution: | Agronomy College, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China;Agronomy College, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, Hebei 071000, China; Zhangbei Agricultural Resources and Ecological Environment Key Field Research Station, Ministry of Agriculture of China, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 076450, China;College of Agriculture and Forestry, HeBei North University, Zhangjiakou, Hebei 075000, China |
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| Abstract: | In view of the long leisure period after wheat and low utilization efficiency of light and hot water resources on Qinghai Plateau, a field experiment of multiple green manure crops with different stubble heights (0, 20 cm, and 40 cm) following wheat harvest was set up in 2019 to study its effects on biomass, leaf area index (LAI), and water use efficiency (WUE) of two multiple cropping green manure, namely Common vetch and Hairy vetch. The results showed that the total dry matter mass of green manure decreased with the increase of stubble height, and the total dry matter mass at 0, 20 cm, and 40 cm after stubble was 5 756.45, 4 046.09 kg·hm-2, and 3 534.09 kg·hm-2, respectively. The weight of Common vetch was 3 462.69, 2 642.75 kg·hm-2, and 2 011.34 kg·hm-2, respectively. Root\|shoot ratio increased with increasing stubble height. Root\|shoot ratio increased from 0.043 to 0.057 and 0.047 at 0, 20 cm, and 40 cm, respectively, after stubble of Hairy vetch, and from 0.07 to 0.08 and 0.083, respectively. The root\|shoot ratio of Hairy vetch was significantly higher than that of Common vetch by 59.2%. The dry weight and LAI of each organ in green manure decreased with increasing stubble height, among which LAI of Common vetch decreased from 1.72 to 1.34 and 0.95, and that of Hairy vetch decreased from 1.00 to 0.77 and 0.59. The ratio of stem to leaf increased with increasing stubble height, and ratio of stem to leaf was 0.78, 0.89, and 0.99, and that of Hairy vetch was 0.82, 0.84, and 0.86 for all 3 depths, respectively. The stem dry weight, leaf dry weight, stem\|leaf ratio, and LAI of Common vetch were significantly higher than those of Hairy vetch by 141.1%,135.4%,6.0% and 69.6%, respectively. The WUE of the two green manure decreased with increasing stubble height, and the dry matter quality and WUE of common vetch were significantly higher than those of Hairy vetch by 62.2% and 60.0%, respectively. The treatment of no stubble and multiple cropping common vetch after wheat had the highest biomass and water use efficiency, and made full use of the light and hot water resources during the leisure period after wheat, it is the recommended green manure model for multiple cropping after wheat in this study. |
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| Keywords: | potato variety nitrogen efficiency evaluation subordinate function method cold and arid regions of Northern China |
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