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| 不同覆膜栽培方式对玉米干物质积累及产量的影响 | |
| 引用本文： | 高玉红,牛俊义,闫志利,郭丽琢,姜寒玉,马朋丽,马菊红.不同覆膜栽培方式对玉米干物质积累及产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(4):440-446. |
| 作者姓名： | 高玉红 牛俊义 闫志利 郭丽琢 姜寒玉 马朋丽 马菊红 |
| 作者单位： | 1. 甘肃农业大学农学院 兰州 730070 2. 甘肃农业大学农学院 兰州 730070;甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院 兰州 730070 3. 河北科技师范学院 秦皇岛 066004 4. 甘肃农业大学生命科学技术学院 兰州 730070 |
| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目(30960187) |
| 摘 要： | 为探讨地膜覆盖栽培方式的增产机理,完善地膜覆盖玉米栽培技术,采用田间试验法,以露地平播为对照,比较了全膜双垄沟播、半膜双垄沟播、半膜平铺、膜侧沟播等4种栽培方式对玉米叶面积、光合势、干物质积累、穗部性状、产量及其构成因子、水分利用效率的影响,并进行了成本和效益分析。结果表明:全膜或半膜双垄沟播显著增加了各个生育时期玉米的叶面积,半膜平铺和膜侧沟播作用不大;全膜和半膜双垄沟播及膜侧沟播显著提高了玉米的光合势,半膜平铺对生长前期光合势有一定促进作用,但后期出现不利影响;全膜和半膜双垄沟播增加了玉米穗长、穗粗、穗行数和行粒数,但也增加了秃顶长。半膜平铺对穗长、穗粗和穗行数有一定促进作用,降低了秃顶长,但对行粒数作用并不明显。膜侧沟播对穗长、穗行数和行粒数有一定促进作用,但对穗粗和秃顶长作用并不明显;各种覆膜栽培方式均提高了玉米穗粒数和百粒重,但降低了单株成穗数。穗粒数与产量的灰色关联度最大、百粒重次之、单株成穗数最低;全膜双垄沟播、半膜双垄沟播、膜侧沟播、半膜平铺栽培方式分别比对照增产67.23%、60.08%、38.81%和20.02%,水分利用效率分别比对照提高66.43%、59.54%、38.35%和19.63%,经济收益分别比对照增加85.51%、69.58%、36.37%和18.69%。说明全膜双垄沟播玉米具有较高的产量和经济收益优势。 |
| 关 键 词： | 玉米 地膜覆盖 叶面积 干物质 光合势 产量 水分利用效率 经济收益 |
| 收稿时间： | 2011/7/13 0:00:00 |
Effects of different plastic-film mulching techniques on maize (Zea mays L.) dry matter accumulation and yield |
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| GAO Yu-Hong , NIU Jun-Yi , YAN Zhi-Li , GUO Li-Zhuo , JIANG Han-Yu , MA Peng-Li , MA Ju-Hong.Effects of different plastic-film mulching techniques on maize (Zea mays L.) dry matter accumulation and yield[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2012,20(4):440-446. | |
| Authors: | GAO Yu-Hong NIU Jun-Yi YAN Zhi-Li GUO Li-Zhuo JIANG Han-Yu MA Peng-Li MA Ju-Hong |
| Institution: | 1(1.College of Agronomy,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;2.College of Life Sciences and Technology,Gansu Agricultural University,Lanzhou 730070,China;3.Hebei Normal University of Science & Technology,Qinhuangdao 066004,China) |
| Abstract: | Plastic-film mulching is an effective yield-increasing technique in arid areas.Previous studies on film mulching have reported constant improvements in the techniques and understanding of the use of plastic-films in production systems.Different film mulching modes have different maize yield-increase effects in different areas.Field experiments were therefore conducted to deter-mine the best plastic-film mulching technique in maize production for all regions.The effects of four plastic-film mulching tech-niques-full plastic-film mulching on double ridges and planting in catchment furrows(FF),half plastic-film mulching on double ridges and planting in catchment furrows(HF),flat planting with half plastic-film mulching(FN),and plastic-film mulching on ridge and planting in side film mulch(FS)-on leaf area,photosynthetic potential,dry matter accumulation,ear characteristics,grain yield and water use efficiency were compared with flat planting of zero-film mulching(CK).Cost-benefit analysis was also per-formed in the study.Results indicated that leaf area under FF and HF treatments significantly increased at the developmental stages but changed little under FN and FS treatments compared with CK.Photosynthetic potential also significantly increased at all stages of development under FF,HF and FS treatments.However,it was positively affected at the initial stages of growth and negatively affected at the later stages of growth under FN,FF and HF treatments.Maize ear length,diameter,row number and row grain number increased and as well lengthened ear barren tip.Although FN somewhat accelerated the increasing processes of ear length,diameter and row number and retarded that of ear barren tip,it had no obvious effect on row grain number.To some extent,FS improved ear length,row number and row grain number.However its effect on ear diameter and length of barren tip was not remarkable.All plas-tic-film mulching techniques increased ear grain number and 100-grain weight,but decreased ear number per plant.The highest grey correlation was noted between grain number per ear and grain yield,followed by 100-grain weight,and then by the number of ear per plant.Yield of FF,HF,FS and FN increased by 67.23%,60.08%,38.81% and 20.02%,respectively,compared with CK.Also water use efficiency of FF,HF,FS and FN increased by 66.43%,59.54%,38.35% and 19.63%,respectively,compared with CK.Economic benefit of FF,HF,FS and FN respectively increased by 85.51%,69.58%,36.37% and 18.69% over CK.The above findings sug-gested that FF treatment had the higher yield and economic advantage in the study area. |
| Keywords: | Maize (Zea mays) Plastic-film mulching Leaf area Dry matter Photosynthetic potential Grain yield Water Use Efficiency |
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