| 随动式秸秆还田与残膜回收联合作业机设计与试验 |
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| 引用本文： | 张慧明,陈学庚,颜利民,杨松梅.随动式秸秆还田与残膜回收联合作业机设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2019,35(19):11-19. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张慧明 陈学庚 颜利民 杨松梅 |
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| 作者单位： | 石河子大学机械电气工程学院;农业部西北农业装备重点实验室;吉林大学生物与农业工程学院 |
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| 基金项目： | 农业部公益性行业科研专项（201503105） |
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| 摘 要： | 针对新疆棉田秋后残膜捡拾率低、膜杂分离效果差等问题,设计了一种随动式秸秆还田与残膜回收联合作业机,整机主要由秸秆粉碎装置和残膜捡拾装置组成。根据新疆棉花种植模式与作业要求对整机的关键部件进行了设计,确定了粉碎刀轴、甩刀、链板总成和起膜齿等零部件的结构参数。选取甩刀转速、机器前进速度和起膜齿入土深度为影响因素,秸秆粉碎长度合格率、残膜捡拾率和膜杂分离率为响应指标,进行了三因素五水平正交旋转中心组合试验。通过Design-Expert V8.0.6.1软件进行方差分析,建立了影响因素与评价指标的数学回归模型,分析了显著因素对响应指标的影响,优化试验参数,确定最优参数组合为:甩刀转速1200 r/min,机器前进速度4.5 km/h,起膜齿入土深度100 mm。根据最优参数组合进行田间试验,结果表明:在优化参数组合下,秸秆粉碎长度合格率的均值为89.37%、残膜捡拾率和膜杂分离率的均值分别为90.31%和93.16%,表明该联合作业机满足秸秆粉碎还田与残膜回收的技术要求。该研究成果有利于提高残膜捡拾机作业效果,解决新疆棉田残膜污染问题。
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| 关 键 词： | 农业机械 秸秆 塑料薄膜 残膜回收机 捡拾装置 优化试验 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019/7/28 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2019/8/12 0:00:00 |
Design and test of master-slave straw returning and residual film recycling combine machine |
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| Zhang Huiming,Chen Xuegeng,Yan Limin and Yang Songmei.Design and test of master-slave straw returning and residual film recycling combine machine[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2019,35(19):11-19. |
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| Authors: | Zhang Huiming Chen Xuegeng Yan Limin and Yang Songmei |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China;2. Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture, Shihezi, 832003, China,1. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China;2. Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture, Shihezi, 832003, China,1. College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832003, China;2. Key Laboratory of Northwest Agricultural Equipment, Ministry of Agriculture, Shihezi, 832003, China and 3. College of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130022, China |
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| Abstract: | Abstract: The cotton areas in Xinjiang exceeded 2.5×106 hm2 by the end of 2018, making Xinjiang the biggest cotton producer (accounting for 80% of the national cotton areas) in China. In most cotton fields in Xinjiang, the rows are spaced 560 - 760 mm and intra-row plants are spaced 96-100 mm. The average cotton yield in southern Xinjiang was approximately 7500 kg/ hm2, compared with 6000 kg/ hm2 in the north. Since Xinjiang is in hinterland of Eurasia, having ample sunshine, scarce precipitation and high evaporation, irrigation is essential to safeguard its agricultural production. To keep soil moisten, the planting strips for cotton are often mulched by plastic film before sowing seeds. Since natural degradation of plastic films is slow, an accumulative use of plastic film has led to soil structure degradation and environment deterioration. Recycling plastic film residuals is hence essential to developing sustainable agriculture but is challenging because the currently-used manual pick-up is labor intensive and inefficient while the available combine machines cannot separate the film residuals from cotton straw during the pick-up process. We designed a new machine aimed to solve this problem by combining film pick-up process and straw cutting-returning process. Differing from the available machines, the new one can separate the straw from the film residuals during pick-up and returning processes. It comprised a straw-cutting device, a film picking device and a film-lifting device, with all components purposely designed for cotton cultivated in Xinjiang. The operation depth of the film-lifting shovel was 54-178 mm. An orthogonal rotation test with three five-level factors was conducted to examine the impact of the speed of the spinning fling cutter, forward-speed and operation depth of the film-lifting shovel on passing rate of the crushing length, the residual film picking rate and the membrane miscellaneous separation rate from the straw. The variances were analyzed using Design-ExpertV8.0.6.1, and a regression model was used to evaluate the responsive performance of the machine to the above three operating parameters as well as their optimization. The results showed that the optimal spinning speed of the fling cutter was 1200r/min, the forward-speed was 4.5km/h, and the operation depth of the film-lifting shovel was 100mm. Field test results were consistent with these optimal parameters, with the straw crushing length pass rate being 89.37%, the residual film picking rate being 90.31%, and the membrane miscellaneous separation rate from the straw being 93.16%. It is manifest that the combine machine meets the technological requirements, improved plastic film residuals recycle efficiency and ameliorated their environmental pollution. |
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| Keywords: | agricultural machinery straw plastic film residual film recycling machine picking device optimization test |
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