| 畜禽养殖环境效率及其污染物减排——以不同规模生猪养殖为例 |
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| 引用本文： | 王善高,周应恒,张晓恒.畜禽养殖环境效率及其污染物减排——以不同规模生猪养殖为例[J].中国农业大学学报,2019,24(9):232-247. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王善高 周应恒 张晓恒 |
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| 作者单位： | 南京农业大学经济管理学院;华中农业大学经济管理学院 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家自然科学基金项目（71333008）;国家社科基金重大项目（14ZDA037）;江苏省研究生培养创新工程项目 |
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| 摘 要： | 为探究中国生猪养殖产生污染物的减排潜力,基于随机前沿生产函数模型,利用2004—2016年生猪养殖的省级宏观数据,测算了不同规模生猪养殖的环境效率,并从时间和空间2个维度计算了生猪养殖产生污染物的潜在削减量,最后进一步探究了生猪养殖环境效率的提升路径。结果表明:1)小规模、中规模、大规模生猪养殖的环境效率均值依次为0.924、0.953、0.926,随着养殖规模增大环境效率呈现出"倒U型"趋势,而且随着时间推移3个规模生猪养殖的环境效率均出现了不同程度的上升趋势;2)在时间维度上,小规模、中规模、大规模生猪养殖1头猪1年产生的污染物还可以平均减少5.89、2.42和4.13 kg,但随着时间推移3个规模生猪养殖污染物的潜在削减量均在不断减少;3)在空间维度上,小规模生猪养殖东部地区污染物的潜在削减量要高于中西部地区;中规模生猪养殖污染物的潜在削减量在各区域中相对均衡;而大规模生猪养殖污染物的潜在削减量在不同地区呈现出两级分化趋势;4)本研究选取的生产要素投入量、饲养天数以及环境治理费用等对生猪养殖环境效率均有显著影响。最后,基于研究结论,提出相关的措施建议以提升生猪养殖环境效率。
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| 关 键 词： | 生猪养殖 养殖规模 环境效率 污染物潜在削减量 影响因素 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018/9/11 0:00:00 |
Environmental efficiency of livestock and poultry breeding and pollutant emission reduction: Taking pig farms of different scales as an example |
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| WANG Shangao,ZHOU Yingheng and ZHANG Xiaoheng.Environmental efficiency of livestock and poultry breeding and pollutant emission reduction: Taking pig farms of different scales as an example[J].Journal of China Agricultural University,2019,24(9):232-247. |
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| Authors: | WANG Shangao ZHOU Yingheng and ZHANG Xiaoheng |
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| Institution: | College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China,College of Economics and Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China and College of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China |
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| Abstract: | In order to explore the reduction potential of China''s pig breeding pollutants,based on stochastic frontier production function model,this study uses the provincial macro data on pig breeding in 2004-2016 to measure the environmental efficiency of pigs breeding of different scales,calculates the potential reduction of pollutants produced by pig breeding from time and space dimensions and explores the path of improving the environment efficiency of pig breeding in further.The results show that:1) The average environmental efficiency of small-scale,medium-scale and large-scale pig breeding are respectively 0.924,0.953 and 0.926.With the increasing of the breeding scale,the environmental efficiency shows an "inverted U-shaped" trend.And the environmental efficiency of three scale pig breeding has increased to varying degrees over time.2) In terms of time dimension,the pollutants produced by small-scale,medium-scale,large-scale pig breeding are reduced by 5.89,2.42 and 4.13 kg each year while the potential reduction of pollutants in three pig breeding scale is decreasing over time.3) In terms of spatial dimension,the potential reduction of pollutants in the eastern part of small-scale pig breeding is higher than that in the central and western regions;The potential reduction of pollutants of medium-scale pig breeding is relatively balanced in each region;The potential reduction of pollutants of large-scale pig breeding shows a two-level differentiation trend in different regions.4) The input production factors including the number of feeding days and environmental treatment costs display significant effects on the environmental efficiency of pig breeding.Finally,based on the research results obtained,relevant measures are proposed to improve the environmental efficiency of pig breeding. |
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| Keywords: | pig breeding breeding scale environmental efficiency potential reduction of pollutants determinants |
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