Glycolipids as receptors for Bacillus thuringiensis crystal toxin |
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| Authors: | Griffitts Joel S Haslam Stuart M Yang Tinglu Garczynski Stephan F Mulloy Barbara Morris Howard Cremer Paul S Dell Anne Adang Michael J Aroian Raffi V |
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| Institution: | Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0349, USA. |
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| Abstract: | The development of pest resistance threatens the effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins used in transgenic and organic farming. Here, we demonstrate that (i) the major mechanism for Bt toxin resistance in Caenorhabditis elegans entails a loss of glycolipid carbohydrates; (ii) Bt toxin directly and specifically binds glycolipids; and (iii) this binding is carbohydrate-dependent and relevant for toxin action in vivo. These carbohydrates contain the arthroseries core conserved in insects and nematodes but lacking in vertebrates. We present evidence that insect glycolipids are also receptors for Bt toxin. |
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