| 不同施肥模式下水稻生育期间杂草群落特征 |
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| 引用本文： | 董春华,刘强,高菊生,徐明岗,文石林,曾希柏.不同施肥模式下水稻生育期间杂草群落特征[J].草业学报,2013,22(3):218. |
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| 作者姓名： | 董春华 刘强 高菊生 徐明岗 文石林 曾希柏 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.湖南农业大学资源环境学院,湖南 长沙 410128;2.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 祁阳农田生态系统国家野外试验站,湖南 祁阳 426182;3.中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所 农业部作物营养与施肥重点开放实验室,北京 100081;4.中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所 农业部农业环境重点开放实验室,北京 100081 |
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| 基金项目： | 中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金，公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费，公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费，国家青年科学基金 |
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| 摘 要： | 利用中国农业科学院红壤实验站1982年布置的红壤稻田长期定位试验,于2011年研究了在无机肥和有机肥含有等量氮磷钾养分的条件下,长期施用有机肥、化肥和有机无机肥混施模式下水稻生育期间杂草种类和生物量变化。结果表明,施肥30年后,有机无机肥混施处理早稻和晚稻杂草种类最少,有机肥处理早稻杂草种类最多,不施肥处理晚稻最多,且后两者比前者依次分别高出34.4%和39.3%;有机肥处理两季杂草总量最高,比无机有机混施、化肥和不施肥处理分别高出10.7%,4.5%和37.7%,早稻杂草总量和湿生杂草生物量有机肥处理最多,晚稻不施肥处理最多,早稻和晚稻浮水杂草生物总量有机无机肥混施处理最多。土壤碱解氮、有效磷与杂草总干物质量显著正相关(相关系数分别为0.465和0.517),与湿生杂草生物量显著正相关(相关系数分别为0.482和0.542),土壤有效磷与浮水杂草生物量极显著正相关(相关系数为0.666),pH与之极显著负相关(相关系数为0.516)。土壤有效磷受土壤pH 和碱解氮及其他因子的共同作用对杂草总干物质量产生影响。通过各种施肥措施维持土壤适宜 pH及碱解氮、有效磷含量,能有效控制南方红壤稻田中湿生和浮水杂草生长,使杂草种类与总生物量达到有益的动态平衡。
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| 关 键 词： | 长期试验 施肥模式 双季稻 杂草群落 特征 |
Effects of different fertilization models on the characteristics of weed communities during the rice growing seasons |
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| DONG Chun-hua
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LIU Qiang
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GAO Ju-sheng
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XU Ming-gang
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WEN Shi-lin
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ZENG Xi-bai.Effects of different fertilization models on the characteristics of weed communities during the rice growing seasons[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2013,22(3):218. |
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| Authors: | DONG Chun-hua LIU Qiang GAO Ju-sheng XU Ming-gang WEN Shi-lin ZENG Xi-bai |
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| Abstract: | An investigation was made at a double-rice paddy field set up in 1982 in the Red Soil Field Experimental Station, CAAS, China to study the species and biomass of weeds growing during the rice (Oryza sativa) growing seasons. Over a 30-year period, organic, chemical, and a mixed organic and inorganic fertiliser were applied with the same rates of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). Compared with other treatments, long-term application of mixed fertiliser resulted in the least number of weed species in both rice growing seasons. Organic fertiliser application resulted in the greatest number of weed species in the early rice growing season, while treatment without fertiliser application resulted in the greatest number in the late growing season: 4.4% and 39.3% higher than the former two respectively. Long-term application of organic fertiliser resulted in the highest biomass of weeds in both seasons, 10.7%, 4.5% and 37.7% higher than the applications of mixed, chemical, and no fertiliser respectively. Long-term application of organic fertiliser resulted in the highest biomass of all weeds and floating weeds in the early season, the treatment without fertiliser application resulted in the highest biomass of both in the late season, while mixed fertiliser application resulted in the highest biomass of floating weeds in both seasons. Soil alkali-hydrolyzable N and available P were positively correlated with the dry mass of weeds (r=0.465, P<0.05 and r=0.517, P<0.05, respectively), and of wet weeds (r=0.482, P<0.05 and r=0.542, P<0.05, respectively). Dry mass of floating weeds was positively correlated with soil available P (r=0.666, P<0.01), and was negatively correlated with soil pH (r=0.516, P<0.01). Soil available P, under the co-effects of soil pH, alkali-hydrolyzable N and other factors, had an indirect effect on the dry mass of weeds. If effective control of the growth of wet and floating weeds in red soil paddy of south China is to be attempted by achieving a beneficial dynamic equilibrium between the weed species and total biomasses, the best way is to adopt various fertilisation measures to maintain proper alkali-hydrolyzable N and available P contents and soil pH. |
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| Keywords: | long-term experiment fertilisation model double cropping rice weed community characteristics |
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