| 黔北轻污染耕地12种优势杂草重金属含量及富集特征 |
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| 引用本文： | 严莲英,范成五,赵振宇,刘桂华,胡岗,秦松.黔北轻污染耕地12种优势杂草重金属含量及富集特征[J].草业学报,2017,26(10):237-244. |
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| 作者姓名： | 严莲英 范成五 赵振宇 刘桂华 胡岗 秦松 |
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| 作者单位： | 1.贵州省土壤肥料研究所,贵州 贵阳 550006; 2.贵州大学农学院,贵州 贵阳 550025; 3.贵州省农业资源与环境工程技术研究中心,贵州 贵阳 550006; 4.贵州茅台酒股份有限公司,贵州 仁怀 564500 |
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| 基金项目： | 贵州省农业科学院项目“阿哈水库底泥农业资源化利用研究”，贵州省科研机构服务企业行动计划项目“贵州农产品产地重金属检测与控制技术研发平台建设”，贵州省科技厅科技计划项目“镉低积作物筛选及土壤镉污染控制技术研究，示范” |
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| 摘 要： | 以一块黔北轻污染耕地生长的12种优势杂草及根区土壤为研究对象,采用野外采样和室内分析方法,利用贵州省土壤背景值、《食用农产品产地环境质量评价标准》、单因子污染指数法、内梅罗综合污染指数法、富集系数和转移系数来评价土壤重金属污染状况及优势杂草对重金属的富集特征,为贵州山区重金属污染耕地的植物修复提供参考资料。结果表明,杂草根区重金属单因子污染指数范围为0.30~1.71,內梅罗综合污染指数为1.31,处于轻污染状态,其中Cd的贡献最大;调查区内生长的优势杂草,主要有铁苋菜、龙葵、艾草、稻槎菜、马唐草、黄秋葵、堇菜、野苋菜、革命菜、异叶黄鹌菜、风轮草和野葱,体内重金属Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb含量范围分别为42.15~110.27 mg/kg、35.89~157.87 mg/kg、0.29~6.08 mg/kg和2.99~37.19 mg/kg,属一般植物正常含量范围,均未达到超富集植物水平,但铁苋菜、黄秋葵和革命菜对Cu、Zn、Cd,稻槎菜对Cu和Zn,野苋菜、堇菜和异叶黄鹌菜对Cd的富集系数和转移系数均大于1,具有成为超富集植物的潜力。
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| 关 键 词： | 黔北耕地 优势杂草 重金属 富集特征 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016-12-28 |
Heavy metal absorption and enrichment characteristics of dominant weed species naturally growing on farmland in Northern Guizhou |
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| YAN Lian-Ying,FAN Cheng-Wu,ZHAO Zhen-Yu,LIU Gui-Hua,HU Gang,QIN Song.Heavy metal absorption and enrichment characteristics of dominant weed species naturally growing on farmland in Northern Guizhou[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2017,26(10):237-244. |
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| Authors: | YAN Lian-Ying FAN Cheng-Wu ZHAO Zhen-Yu LIU Gui-Hua HU Gang QIN Song |
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| Institution: | 1.Guizhou Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Guiyang 550006, China; 2.College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; 3.Guizhou Province Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guiyang 550006, China; 4.Kweichow Moutai Company Limited, Renhuai 564500, China |
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| Abstract: | The aim of this research was to provide reference data for the remediation of sites contaminated by heavy metals in Guizhou Province,a mountain-and-hill area.The heavy metal absorption and enrichment characteristics of 12 dominant weeds naturally growing in farmland in northern Guizhou and their root soils were analyzed.The weeds were sampled from the field,and the soils were analyzed to determine the background concentrations of heavy metals.The quality of the soil environment with reference to heavy metal pollution was judged against the Agricultural Environment Quality Evaluation Standards,and on the basis of the single factor pollution index and the Nemerow pollution index.The bioconcentration factor and transfer factor were calculated to evaluate the enrichment characteristics of the dominant weeds.The soil had single factor pollution indexes for Cu,Zn,Cd,and Pb ranging from 0.30 to 1.71 and a Nemerow comprehensive pollution index of 1.31.Therefore,the soil was judged as lightly polluted,and Cd was the main contributor.The dominant weeds in the study area were Acalypha australis,Solanum nigrum,Artemisia argyi,Lapsana apogonoides,Digitaria sanguinalis,Abelnoschus esculentus,Viola verecunda,Amaranthus spinosus,Gynura crepidioides,Youngia heterophylla,Clinopodium chinensis,and Allium fistulosun.The ranges of heavy metal contents in these weeds were as follows:Cu,42.15-110.27 mg/kg;Zn,35.89-157.87 mg/kg;Cd,0.29-6.08 mg/kg;and Pb,2.99-37.19 mg/kg.These values were within the normal range and were not indicative of hyperaccumulating plants.The bioconcentration factors and transfer factors were greater than 1 in A.australis,A.esculentus,and G.crepidioides for Cu,Zn,and Cd;in L.apogonoides for Cu and Zn,and in V.verecunda,A.spinosus,and Y.heterophylla for Cd.These species showed some characteristics of hyperaccumulation plants.The contents of heavy metals in lightly polluted farmland soil did not significantly affect the heavy metals contents in weeds.The absorption of Ph by the roots of weeds promoted Pb accumulation.In conclusion,the contents of heavy metals in the dominant weeds were in the normal range,but some dominant weeds possessed some important characteristics of hyperaccumulation plants,and have the potential to be hyperaccumulation plants. |
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| Keywords: | farmland of Northern Guizhou dominant weed plants heavy metal enrichment characteristics |
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