| 湘中低山丘陵区坡面产流输沙对降雨、土壤类型及水保措施的综合响应特征 |
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| 引用本文： | 彭浩,李忠武,刘春,王丹阳,陈佳,蒋婕妤,张需琴.湘中低山丘陵区坡面产流输沙对降雨、土壤类型及水保措施的综合响应特征[J].水土保持学报,2019,33(2):60-67. |
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| 作者姓名： | 彭浩 李忠武 刘春 王丹阳 陈佳 蒋婕妤 张需琴 |
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| 作者单位： | 湖南大学环境科学与工程学院;湖南大学环境生物与控制教育部重点实验室;中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目（2017YFC0505401）；湖南省水利科技项目（湘水科计[2016]194-38） |
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| 摘 要： | 针对湘中低山丘陵区地形地貌条件多样、水土流失影响机制复杂的问题,选取湖南省中部井头(黄壤)、秋波(紫色土)以及莲荷(红壤)3个径流场不同水土保持措施径流小区,综合探究湘中丘陵区不同土壤类型、水土保持措施以及侵蚀性雨型等因子对坡面产流输沙规律的影响特征。结果表明:在年降水量相近的条件下,年径流深和年侵蚀量均为红壤紫色土黄壤;各水保措施小区的减流效益较差,但其减沙效益较好,以黄壤草地措施、紫色土水保林以及红壤经果林和草地措施减沙效益较为明显,年侵蚀减沙率分别达87.89%,55.88%,37.99%和41.07%;大雨强、短历时、低雨量、高频率的降雨占各小区侵蚀降雨场次的比例均在50%以上,该类降雨也是黄壤和红壤各小区坡面产流输沙以及紫色土各小区产流的主导雨型。中雨强、长历时、高雨量、低频率降雨是引起各小区单次降雨径流泥沙流失量最大的雨型。研究结果对完善水土流失的相关理论和规律具有重要的意义,对区域水土保持工作的开展提供了重要的指导作用和理论价值。
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| 关 键 词： | 径流 输沙 降雨 水土保持措施 土壤类型 |
| 收稿时间： | 2018/10/23 0:00:00 |
Comprehensive Response Characteristics of Runoff and Sediment Yield on Rainfall, Soil Type and Water Conservation Measures in Hilly Area of Central Hunan Province |
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| PENG Hao,LI Zhongwu,LIU Chun,WANG Danyang,CHEN Ji,JIANG Jieyu,ZHANG Xuqin.Comprehensive Response Characteristics of Runoff and Sediment Yield on Rainfall, Soil Type and Water Conservation Measures in Hilly Area of Central Hunan Province[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2019,33(2):60-67. |
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| Authors: | PENG Hao LI Zhongwu LIU Chun WANG Danyang CHEN Ji JIANG Jieyu ZHANG Xuqin |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha 410082;2. Key Laboratory of Environmental Biology and Pollution Control(Hunan University), Ministry of Education, Changsha 410082;3. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loss Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, CAS and MWR, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100 |
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| Abstract: | Based on the diverse topography and geomorphology and the complex mechanism of soil erosion in the hilly area of central Hunan Province, China, nine runoff plots with different soil and water conservation measures in three runoff fields of Jingtou (yellow soil), Qiubo (purple soil) and Lianhe (red soil) were selected to explore the effects of different erosive rainfall patterns, soil types and soil and water conservation measures on runoff and sediment transport on slopes. The results showed that the annual runoff and sediment yield decreased as the following sequence:red soil > purple soil > yellow soil under the condition of similar annual rainfall. The runoff reduction effect in each runoff plot was little, but the sediment reduction was effective. Especially, the grassland measures in yellow soil, water conservation forest in purple soil, and fruit-forest and grassland measures in red soil had obvious sediment reduction effects, and their annual reduction rates were 87.89%, 55.88%, 37.99% and 41.07%, respectively. The heavy intensity, short duration, low rainfall and high frequency rainfall accounted for more than 50% of the erosive rainfall events in each runoff plot. It was also the dominant rain type of the runoff and sediment yield in the runoff plots of yellow and red soils, as well as the dominant rain type of the sediment yield in purple soil. The moderate intensity, long duration, high precipitation and low frequency rainfall caused the largest runoff and sediment yield in each single rainfall event in all runoff plots. These results could be of great significance for improving the relevant theories of soil erosion, and provide important guidance and theoretical value for the development of regional soil and water conservation. |
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| Keywords: | runoff yield sediment yield rainfall soil and water conservation measures soil type |
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