| 氮肥运筹对夏玉米氮素盈亏与利用的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 银敏华,李援农,谷晓博,周昌明,董丽利,张天乐.氮肥运筹对夏玉米氮素盈亏与利用的影响[J].农业机械学报,2015,46(10):167-176. |
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| 作者姓名： | 银敏华 李援农 谷晓博 周昌明 董丽利 张天乐 |
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| 作者单位： | 西北农林科技大学,西北农林科技大学,西北农林科技大学,西北农林科技大学,西北农林科技大学,西北农林科技大学 |
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| 基金项目： | 公益性行业科研专项资助项目（201503105）和国家高技术研究发展计划（863计划）资助项目（2011AA100504） |
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| 摘 要： | 基于2年田间试验,确立了尿素(纯氮0、80、160、240 kg/hm2,基追比为2∶3)和控释氮肥(纯氮0、60、120、180、240 kg/hm2,一次性基施)运筹下夏玉米临界氮浓度稀释曲线模型,据此构建氮素吸收模型、氮素营养指数模型和氮积累亏缺模型进行夏玉米氮素营养诊断,并比较不同氮肥运筹的氮素利用效率。结果表明,夏玉米临界氮浓度与地上部最大生物量间符合幂函数关系。利用独立试验数据对模型进行验证,结果表明该模型可靠性较高(相对误差为0.46%~4.08%)。氮素营养指数模型和氮积累亏缺模型可用于诊断植株氮素营养并定量调控氮肥管理。尿素和控释氮肥的适宜施氮范围分别为160~174 kg/hm2和120~150 kg/hm2。与尿素相比,控释氮肥的氮肥利用率显著提高,获得理论最高产量时,可节省氮肥用量约14%。
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| 关 键 词： | 夏玉米 氮肥运筹 临界氮浓度 氮素诊断 氮素利用效率 |
| 收稿时间： | 2/5/2015 12:00:00 AM |
Effects of Nitrogen Application Rates on Nitrogen Surplus and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Summer Maize |
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| Yin Minhu,Li Yuannong,Gu Xiaobo,Zhou Changming,Dong Lili and Zhang Tianle.Effects of Nitrogen Application Rates on Nitrogen Surplus and Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Summer Maize[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Machinery,2015,46(10):167-176. |
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| Authors: | Yin Minhu Li Yuannong Gu Xiaobo Zhou Changming Dong Lili and Zhang Tianle |
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| Institution: | Northwest A&F University,Northwest A&F University,Northwest A&F University,Northwest A&F University,Northwest A&F University and Northwest A&F University |
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| Abstract: | In order to explore the applicability of critical nitrogen dilution curve and the feasibility of nitrogen surplus evaluation for summer maize in Guanzhong Region, Shaanxi Province, two nitrogen fertilizers: urea (N 0, 80, 160 and 240 kg/hm2, 40% of N fertilizer applied as basic and 60% top dressed at bell stage) and controlled-release fertilizer (N 0, 60, 120, 180 and 240 kg/hm2, all applied as basic fertilization) were chosen to determine critical nitrogen concentration dilution curve based on field experiments in 2013 and 2014. Models of nitrogen uptake, nitrogen nutrition index and accumulative nitrogen deficit were established to diagnose nitrogen nutrition status of maize plant according to the critical nitrogen concentration. In addition, nitrogen use efficiency was compared among different nitrogen application rates treatments. The results showed that a negative power function correlation between maximum aboveground dry matter and critical nitrogen concentration was existed. Calibrations (using the data series of 2014) indicated that these models had high reliability with relative error of
0.46%~4.08%. The nitrogen nutrition index model and the accumulative nitrogen deficit model could be used to diagnose plant nitrogen status effectively and regulate nitrogen fertilizer management quantitatively. The appropriate nitrogen application rate of urea and controlled-release fertilizer for maize growth was 160~174 kg/hm2 and 120~150 kg/hm2, respectively. Compared with urea, controlled-release fertilizer could significantly increase the nitrogen use efficiency and save nitrogen amount approximately by 14% for maximum yield (urea: 10.73 t/hm2; controlled-release fertilizer: 11.01 t/hm2).The investigation is beneficial to the dynamic and precise fertilization, nitrogen management optimization and effective utilization of resources both on theoretical and technical sides. |
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| Keywords: | Summer maize Nitrogen application rates Critical nitrogen concentration Nitrogen diagnosis Nitrogen use efficiency |
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