| 秸秆还田对东北黑土水分特征及物理性质的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 郑洪兵,罗洋,隋鹏祥,李瑞平,王浩,任英,袁野,周思琪,田圣陶,刘武仁,郑金玉.秸秆还田对东北黑土水分特征及物理性质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2024(1):226-236. |
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| 作者姓名： | 郑洪兵 罗洋 隋鹏祥 李瑞平 王浩 任英 袁野 周思琪 田圣陶 刘武仁 郑金玉 |
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| 作者单位： | 吉林省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业部东北作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室，吉林 长春 130033 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划子课题“根系层土壤结构性障碍形成及削减调控途径”（2022YFD1500104-03）；国家自然科学基金“苗带紧行间松合理耕层土壤结构特征及其调控机制”（31501248）；吉林省农业科技创新工程国际科技合作项目“东北保护性耕作黑土结构特征及可视化研究”（CXGC202101GH）；吉林省留学人员科技创新创业项目“东北保护性耕作黑土结构可视化技术及应用”（吉人社发\[2022\]2） |
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| 摘 要： | 为明确秸秆还田对东北黑土水分特征及物理性质的影响，设置秸秆覆盖还田（FG）、秸秆翻埋还田（FM）和秸秆不还田翻耕(FD)3个处理，测定土壤含水量、水分特征曲线、容重、硬度、土壤三相比及结构稳定性等参数。结果表明：（1）秸秆覆盖还田可显著提高春季耕层（0~30 cm）土壤含水量，较秸秆不还田翻耕处理增幅为11.17%~150.84%；不同处理耕层土壤在水吸力中吸力段土壤含水量变化曲线平滑，秸秆覆盖还田处理具有较高的土壤持水性。（2）秸秆还田能显著提高土壤水分有效性，与秸秆不还田翻耕处理相比，秸秆覆盖还田处理0~10 cm土层土壤田间持水量提高4.85%~11.03%，土壤凋萎系数提高10.85%~18.00%；秸秆翻埋还田处理0~10 cm土层土壤重力水增加9.65%~80.73%。秸秆翻埋还田提升了土壤供水能力，土壤比水容量较秸秆不还田翻耕处理增加4.8%~10.0%。（3）与秸秆不还田翻耕处理相比，秸秆还田降低了收获后土壤紧实度，降低幅度为0.18~0.31 MPa；秸秆覆盖还田增加表层土壤容重，降低土壤孔隙度，促进三相结构趋于合理，显著增加土壤结构稳定性。（4）皮尔森相关分析表明，三相比R值与结构距离（r=0.73*）、土壤容重（r=0.70*）相关性显著，在一定范围内三相比R值的增加有利于改善并促进土壤结构稳定。综上可知，东北黑土农田实施秸秆还田是提高春季土壤含水量、增强土壤持水性、提升土壤供水能力、调节土壤紧实性、调控土壤三相比、改善土壤结构和提高土壤宜耕性的有效措施。
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| 关 键 词： | 秸秆还田 黑土 水分特征 土壤结构 三相比R值 |
Effects of straw returning on soil water characteristics and physical properties of black soil in Northeast China |
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| ZHENG Hongbing,LUO Yang,SUI Pengxiang,LI Ruiping,WANG Hao,REN Ying,YUAN Ye,ZHOU Siqi,TIAN Shengtao,LIU Wuren,ZHENG Jinyu.Effects of straw returning on soil water characteristics and physical properties of black soil in Northeast China[J].Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas,2024(1):226-236. |
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| Authors: | ZHENG Hongbing LUO Yang SUI Pengxiang LI Ruiping WANG Hao REN Ying YUAN Ye ZHOU Siqi TIAN Shengtao LIU Wuren ZHENG Jinyu |
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| Abstract: | To determine the effects of straw returning on water characteristics and physical properties of black soil in Northeast China, three treatments were set up: straw mulching and returning (FG), straw overturning and returning (FM) and straw non\|returning (FD). Soil water content, water characteristic curve, bulk density, hardness, soil three\|phase ratio and structural stability were measured. The results showed as follows: (1) Straw mulching and returning treatment significantly increased the soil moisture content of 0~30 cm in spring by 11.17%~150.84% campared with straw no\|returning treatment. The change curve of soil water content in the middle suction section was smooth, and the straw mulching and returning treatment had higher soil water retention. (2) Straw returning to field can significantly improve soil water availability. Compared with straw non\|returning treatment, the field water capacity of 0~10 cm soil layer in straw mulching and returning treatment increased by 4.85%~11.03%, and the soil wilting coefficient increased by 10.85%~18.00%. Gravity water in 0~10 cm soil layer of straw overturning and returning treatment increased by 9.65% to 80.73%. The soil water supply capacity of straw overturning and returning treatment was increased, and specific water capacity was increased by 4.8%~10.0% compared with the straw non\|returning treatment. (3) Compared with straw non\|returning treatment, straw returning reduced soil compaction after harvest by 0.18~0.31 MPa. Straw mulching and returning treatment increased surface soil bulk density and decreased soil porosity. It promotes the rationality of three\|phase structure and significantly increases the stability of soil structure. (4) Pearson correlation analysis showed that the R value of the three ratios was significantly correlated with structural distance (R=0.73*), and soil bulk density (R=0.70*). Within a certain range, the increase of R value of the three ratios was conducive to improving and promoting the stability of soil structure. In conclusion, the implementation of straw returning in the northeastern black soil farmland was an effective measure to improve soil water content in spring, enhance soil water retention, enhance soil water supply capacity, adjust soil compaction, regulate soil, and improve soil structure and productivity ability. |
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| Keywords: | straw returning to field black soil soil water characteristic soil structure three phase R value |
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