| 协同调控水-农业-生态的干旱区多水源优化配置 |
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| 引用本文： | 朱兴宇,粟晓玲,胡雪雪,褚江东,贾丹妮,吴海江,张特.协同调控水-农业-生态的干旱区多水源优化配置[J].农业工程学报,2024,40(2):239-248. |
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| 作者姓名： | 朱兴宇 粟晓玲 胡雪雪 褚江东 贾丹妮 吴海江 张特 |
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| 作者单位： | 西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室，杨凌 712100;西北农林科技大学水利与建筑工程学院，杨凌 712100 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1900501)；中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(2023HHZX004) |
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| 摘 要： | 干旱区农业发展往往以挤占生态用水和超采地下水为代价，考虑水-农业-生态互馈关系的水资源优化配置有助于平衡利益冲突。该研究以地下水均衡、经济效益和生态用水满足度为调控目标，构建基于水-农业-生态协同调控的多水源优化配置模型，并推求协调发展度计算式，提出了结合NSGA-Ⅱ算法和协调发展度的协同优化算法，分析石羊河流域水、农业和生态之间的权衡和协同关系，确定水-农业-生态协同提升下的水资源配置方案以及适宜的农业和生态用水比例。结果表明，现状条件下，六河子系统的水资源优化配置方案的经济效益可提升1.9%，实现地下水正均衡0.59亿m3；全流域农业和生态用水比例为90%: 10%，渠井用水比为67%: 33%。平水年保障蔡旗来水为3.48亿m3/a时，能够以牺牲中游1.6%的经济效益实现生态用水满足度和地下水均衡量分别较基准情景提升4.8%和18.6%。研究为协同调控复杂的水-农业-生态关系提供了一种有效方法，可为干旱区流域水资源规划与管理提供参考。
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| 关 键 词： | 水资源|优化|生态|水-农业-生态|协调发展度|协同调控|用水比例|石羊河流域 |
| 收稿时间： | 2023/7/2 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2023/11/6 0:00:00 |
Optimal allocation of multiple water sources in arid areas based on water-agriculture-ecology coordinated regulation |
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| ZHU Xingyu,SU Xiaoling,HU Xuexue,CHU Jiangdong,JIA Danni,WU Haijiang,ZHANG Te.Optimal allocation of multiple water sources in arid areas based on water-agriculture-ecology coordinated regulation[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2024,40(2):239-248. |
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| Authors: | ZHU Xingyu SU Xiaoling HU Xuexue CHU Jiangdong JIA Danni WU Haijiang ZHANG Te |
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| Institution: | Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas, Ministry of Education, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China;College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering,Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, China |
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| Abstract: | Water scarcity, food crisis, and ecological degradation have been the bottlenecks in a considerable percentage of the world under the dual influence of global climate and human activities. Trade-offs between agricultural development and ecological effects are of great importance, especially in arid areas with highly developed agriculture. Water resources can be allocated, according to the mutual feedback relation among water, agriculture, and ecology. The agricultural and ecological water supply can also be optimized in different units. Synergy effects of the system can be expected to compromise the conflicts for the water security, sustainable development, and ecological health. In this study, an optimal allocation model of multi-water resources was constructed in the Shiyang River Basin using water-agriculture-ecology synergistic regulation. The objectives were taken as the groundwater balance, agricultural benefits, and ecological water use. Besides, the coordinated development degree was deduced using collaborative optimization with the NSGA-II algorithm. Trade-off and collaborative relationships were then quantified among water, agriculture, and ecology. The allocation schemes of water resources were finally proposed for the suitable water use proportion between agricultural and ecological under the synergistic promotion of water-agriculture-ecology. The results showed that the net water demand of irrigation was 14.99×108 m3 in the Shiyang River Basin, whereas, the upper and lower water demand of ecological vegetation were 0.91×108 and 3.35×108 m3, respectively. The current balance between the supply and demand of water resources was attributed to the crowding out of ecological water and overexploiting groundwater. The water demand was also exceeded the water supply, in order to fully meet the minimum demand of for ecological water and groundwater. There was a water shortage of 1.44~2.63×108m3/a in the Liuhe subsystem alone. Furthermore, the agricultural benefits, ecological water use, and groundwater balance were 137.53×108 Yuan, 0.60, and 0.59×108 m3, respectively, in the optimal allocation scheme. The agricultural benefits increased by 1.9% than before. The positive balance of groundwater was achieved in 0.59×108m3. The agricultural and ecological water was accounted by for 90% and 10%, respectively, in the whole watershed, while that in canals and wells was 67% and 33%, respectively. The economic benefits of schemes S2 and S4 were reduced by 5.4%, compared with the optimal decision scheme (S0), while the groundwater balance of schemes S1 and S3 was reduced by 92.9% and 95.2%, respectively. Compared with the baseline, there was a 6% reduction in the water diversion from the middle reaches under diverse water and soil resource management, in order to guarantee a water inflow of 3.48×108m3/a from Caiqi. In this case, the agricultural and ecological water consumptions of the Liuhe subsystem were 13.87×108 and 1.62×108m3, respectively, while the groundwater was in a positive equilibrium of 0.70×108m3. When the inflow in Caiqi was 3.48×108m3/a in a normal year, the ecological water use and groundwater were achieved to balance 1.6% of the agricultural benefits in the middle reaches. The ecological water use and the balance of groundwater were elevated by 4.8% and 18.6%, respectively, compared with the baseline. There was a synergistic trade-off between groundwater balance and ecological water in agriculture. The water resources in arid areas can be managed to maintain an appropriate balance among water security, agricultural development, and ecological health. Failure to consider the mutual influence among different water users can result in the decision biases and suboptimal schemes. This finding can provide an effective way to analyze the complex relationship among water, agriculture, and ecology. A strong reference was also offered for water resource planning and management in arid basins. |
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| Keywords: | water resources|optimization|ecology|water-agriculture-ecology|coordinated development degree|coordinated regulation|water use ratio|Shiyang River Basin |
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