| 养殖池塘青苔(Filamentous algae)发生关键因子调查 |
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| 引用本文： | 唐永涛,汪 晨,成永旭,孙云飞,赵良杰,钱 晨.养殖池塘青苔(Filamentous algae)发生关键因子调查[J].水产学报,2024,48(4). |
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| 作者姓名： | 唐永涛 汪 晨 成永旭 孙云飞 赵良杰 钱 晨 |
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| 作者单位： | 上海海洋大学,上海海洋大学,上海海洋大学,上海海洋大学,信阳农林学院水产学院;信阳农林学院水产学院,上海海洋大学 |
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| 基金项目： | 黄河三角洲产业领军人才项目（DYRC20190210）；国家虾蟹产业技术体系； |
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| 摘 要： | 以水绵和刚毛藻为代表的青苔广泛存在于各种自然水体和养殖水体，其过度生长对水体环境和养殖动物构成威胁。为探究青苔发生的关键因子，本文通过走访调查，筛选了5组环境相同且隶属同一家养殖户的有青苔池塘和无青苔池塘，重点对水质、底泥生物可利用性氮磷含量及青苔繁殖体进行了检测分析。结果发现，5组有青苔塘、无青苔塘整体水体氮磷水平无显著差异（P > 0.05），而有4组无青苔塘叶绿素a含量显著高于有青苔塘（P < 0.05）。5组有青苔塘底泥平均生物可利用性氮含量为15.72 ± 3.60 mg/kg，而无青苔塘底泥平均生物可利用性氮为13.22 ± 1.97 mg/kg，较前者低2.50 mg/kg。5组有青苔塘底泥平均生物可利用性磷含量为72.26 ± 10.57 mg/kg，无青苔塘底泥平均生物可利用性磷含量为50.33 ± 12.62 mg/kg，较前者低21.93 mg/kg。底泥生物可利用性氮磷比在5组中均小于0.5,而无青苔塘平均较有青苔塘高26.32%。低氮磷比会抑制浮游藻类的繁殖，而青苔则对低氮及低氮磷比环境具有较强的适应能力，因此，在养殖开始时，底泥低氮及低氮磷比的条件使得浮游藻类在与青苔的初期生态位竞争中处于劣势，即使检测到的浮游藻类OTUs数量高于青苔繁殖体，也不能使其在上述条件下成为优势种。另外，对青苔繁殖体的检测发现，其广泛存在于有青苔塘、无青苔塘及水源的水体和底泥中，即使清塘、晒塘依然检测到繁殖体的存在，但清塘、晒塘能够减少青苔繁殖体的数量。因此，单独依靠生石灰或漂白粉清塘并不能完全杜绝青苔的发生，但可以作为一个辅助防控措施，而通过调控养殖系统的生物可利用氮含量及氮磷比左右种间生态位竞争则是一个值得深入研究的、有前景的青苔防控方向。
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| 关 键 词： | 青苔 生境调查 水质 底泥氮磷 繁殖体 |
| 收稿时间： | 2021/11/9 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2022/2/4 0:00:00 |
Investigation on the key factors of filamentous algae occurrence in aquaculture ponds |
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| Yongtao Tang,Chen Wang,Yongxu Cheng,Yunfei Sun,Liangjie Zhao and Chen Qian.Investigation on the key factors of filamentous algae occurrence in aquaculture ponds[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2024,48(4). |
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| Authors: | Yongtao Tang Chen Wang Yongxu Cheng Yunfei Sun Liangjie Zhao and Chen Qian |
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| Institution: | Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Agriculture,Shanghai Ocean University,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Agriculture,Shanghai Ocean University,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Agriculture,Shanghai Ocean University,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Agriculture,Shanghai Ocean University,College of Fisheries,Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University,Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources,Ministry of Agriculture,Shanghai Ocean University |
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| Abstract: | Filamentous algae, represented by Spirogyra and Cladophora, existed widely in various natural and aquatic waters, and their overgrowth posed a threat to aquatic environment and cultured animals. In order to explore the key factors of filamentous algae occurrence, this paper selected five groups of filamentous algae occurred ponds and no filamentous algae occurred ponds with the same environment and belonging to the same farmers, and analyzed the water quality, bioavailable nitrogen and phosphorus in sediment and detected filamentous algae propagules. The results showed that there were no significant differences in total nitrogen and phosphorus levels between filamentous algae occurred ponds and no filamentous algae occurred ponds in five groups (P > 0.05), whereas the content of Chlorophyll a in filamentous algae occurred ponds in four groups was significantly higher than that in no filamentous algae occurred ponds (P < 0.05). The average bioavailable nitrogen content in the sediment of filamentous algae occurred ponds in the five groups was 15.72 ± 3.60 mg kg-1, whereas the average bioavailable nitrogen content in the sediment of no filamentous algae occurred ponds in the five groups was 13.22 ± 1.97 mg kg-1, 2.50 mg kg-1 lower than that of the former. The average available phosphorus content in the sediment of filamentous algae occurred ponds in the five groups was 72.26 ± 10.57 mg kg-1, and that of no filamentous algae occurred ponds in the five groups was 50.33 ± 12.62 mg kg-1, 21.93 mg kg-1 lower than that of the former. The ratio of available N/P in sediment was below 0.5 in the five groups, and the ratio of available N/P in no filamentous algae occurred ponds was 26.32% higher than filamentous algae occurred ponds. Phytoplankton growth could be inhibited in low N/P ratio condition, whereas filamentous algae has strong adaptability to low nitrogen content and N/P ratio environment, therefore, at the beginning of culturing, the conditions of low nitrogen content and low N/P ratio in the sediment made the phytoplankton in the initial niche competition with filamentous algae at a disadvantage, even if the OTUs number of phytoplankton detected was larger than that of filamentous algae propagules, it did not make it the dominant species under the above conditions. In addition, the detection of filamentous algae propagules showed that they were widely presented in water bodies and sediment of filamentous algae occurred ponds, no filamentous algae occurred ponds and water sources, and filamentous algae propagules were detected even in sterilized and sun-exposed ponds. However, the number of filamentous algae propagants could be reduced by sterilizing and sun-exposing ponds. Therefore, quicklime or bleaching powder alone cannot completely eliminate the occurrence of filamentous algae, but can be used as an auxiliary control measure, and the regulation of bioavailable nitrogen content and the ratio of nitrogen and phosphorus to control the interspecific niche competition is a promising direction of controlling filamentous algae worth further study. |
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| Keywords: | Filamentous algae Habitat survey Water quality available nitrogen and phosphorus Propagules |
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