| 安徽省粮食安全及现代农业发展战略 |
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| 引用本文： | 张正斌,段子渊,徐 萍,刘 坤,李 贵.安徽省粮食安全及现代农业发展战略[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(9):1161-1168. |
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| 作者姓名： | 张正斌 段子渊 徐 萍 刘 坤 李 贵 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所农业资源研究中心石家庄 050022;2. 中国科学院科技促进发展局北京 100864;3. 安徽省同丰种业涡阳 233600 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国科学院科技服务网络计划(KFJ-EW-STS-083)项目资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 安徽省从一个灾害频发的穷省,经过60多年的艰苦奋斗,目前具有350亿kg的粮食生产能力,是解放初期63.9亿kg的5.5倍,已经成为我国五大粮食调出大省之一,粮食总产到2020年有望达到400亿kg,在我国农业区域发展和粮食安全保障中占有重要地位。但安徽省农田水利建设薄弱、多数地区靠雨养农业,中低产田面积占耕地面积的60%左右;农业机械化发展缓慢,农业管理粗放,单产普遍较低;远远没有发挥其自然资源禀赋的生产潜力,是我国未来中低产田重点改造的地区。本文提出安徽省粮食安全和现代农业的发展战略是:在绿色提质增产增效的总体方针指导下,在区域治理方面,重点改造淮北砂姜黑土中低产田面积,扩大建设淮河流域吨粮县市;在区域发展模式方面,主抓沿江淮(水稻-小麦)和淮北平原(小麦-玉米)粮食生产及深加工主体功能区农业现代化建设,拓展江淮丘陵发展经济林果业和特色养殖业,加快发展皖南及皖西大别山区绿色生态产业;在农业基础建设方面,突出农田水利工程建设,加快投资大中型农业机械化普及,创建绿色提质增效防灾减灾体系;在种植业结构调整方面,继续坚持水稻提升,小麦高产、玉米振兴,兼顾油料作物(油菜、大豆)调节;在作物品种优化布局方面,淮南地区减籼稻扩粳稻稳定油菜,沿淮和淮北地区是减弱冬小麦扩半冬性优质小麦,改中晚熟玉米为中早熟籽粒脱水快优质品种。创建出具有安徽省特色、水热资源高效利用(800~1 000 mm降水)、投入少、快速改造大面积中低产田、延伸绿色优质高效农产品产业链,是保障粮食安全的现代农业发展之路。
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| 关 键 词： | 安徽 粮食安全 现代农业 发展战略 |
| 收稿时间： | 2015/11/10 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2016/3/20 0:00:00 |
Development strategy for food security and modern agriculture in Anhui Province |
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| ZHANG Zhengbin,DUAN Ziyuan,XU Ping,LIU Kun and LI Gui.Development strategy for food security and modern agriculture in Anhui Province[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2016,24(9):1161-1168. |
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| Authors: | ZHANG Zhengbin DUAN Ziyuan XU Ping LIU Kun and LI Gui |
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| Institution: | Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050022, China,Bureau of Sciences and Technology for Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100864, China,Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijiazhuang 050022, China,Tongfeng Seed Industry of Anhui Province, Woyang 233600, China and Tongfeng Seed Industry of Anhui Province, Woyang 233600, China |
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| Abstract: | AbstractAnhui Province, which was once poor and frequency hit by disasters, now produces 35 billion kg grains yearly through hard work for the past 60 years. This is 5.5 times of 6.39 billion kg grain produced in the early period of new China. Grain production in the province has increased greatly. The province has become one of the five largest grain export provinces in China and is being projected to export 40 billion kg grain by 2020. This will play an important role in food security and agricultural development in China. But in Anhui Province, construction of water conservancy is weak, with agriculture in more areas dependent on rainfed. Medium and low-yield fields account for about 60% of arable land in the province. The development of agricultural mechanization is slow, agricultural management is extensive, crop yield per unit area land is lower. Thus the endowed natural resources have failed to benefit agricultural production in the region. Anhui Province is a main area transformed from medium and low-yield fields to high-yield ones in future in China. This paper suggested a development strategy for food security and modern agriculture in Anhui Province to meet the agricultural transformation. Guided by overall policy of green development and enhancing quality, yield and benefit of agriculture, the regional governance should push for the improvement of medium and low-yield fields in lime concretion black soils area. Especially in the north of Huai River, this measure was in favor of developing more ‘Ton-Grain’ counties or cities in Huai River Basin. At regional scale, the emphases should be on grain products of rice-wheat cultivation region along Yangzi River and Huai River, and wheat-maize cultivation regions in the north of Huai River; as well as agricultural modernization in main functional areas of grain deep processing. There was also the need to expand economic forestry and fruits in hilly regions and characteristic fish breeding and poultry raising along Yangzi Rive and Huai River. The green ecology industry development in mountain areas in the south and west of Anhui also should be accelerated. In terms of agricultural infrastructure, the construction of water conservancy in farmlands should be highlighted and the investment in medium and large agricultural mechanization stressed. The province needed to establish disaster prevention and mitigation system to guarantee green agriculture development and enhance the quality and yield of agricultural production. In terms of crop production restructuring, sustainable rice production was required, high-yielding wheat and maize production should be promoted with oil plant (rape and soybean) production rational development. In term of optimization of crop variety layout, in Huainan area, the proper crop layout was reduction of indica rice, increase of japonica rice, and stabilization of rape plantation. Along Huaihe River and Huaibei area, it was more rational to reduce general winter wheat and increase good quality wheat plantation, and to replace middle and late maturity maize varieties with middle and early maturity ones. In conclusion, the developmental way of modern agriculture for food security in Anhui Province was high-efficient utilization of heat and water resources, less investment, rapid improvement of larger areas of low-medium-yield fields, and extension of green-high-efficient agricultural product industry chain. |
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| Keywords: | Anhui Province Food security Modern agriculture Development strategy |
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