| 不同生物质炭输入水平下旱作农田温室气体排放研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 宋 敏,齐 鹏,蔡立群,Stephen Yeboah,张 军,张仁陟,武 均,谢军红.不同生物质炭输入水平下旱作农田温室气体排放研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(9):1185-1195. |
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| 作者姓名： | 宋 敏 齐 鹏 蔡立群 Stephen Yeboah 张 军 张仁陟 武 均 谢军红 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院兰州 730070; 甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室兰州 730070; 甘肃省节水农业工程技术研究中心兰州 730070;2. 甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院兰州 730070; 甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室兰州 730070; 甘肃省节水农业工程技术研究中心兰州 730070; CSIR-Crops Research Institute，P.O. BOX 3780-Kumasi，Ghana;3. 甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室兰州 730070; 甘肃省节水农业工程技术研究中心兰州 730070 |
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| 基金项目： | 甘肃省自然科学基金项目(145RJZA204)、国家自然科学基金项目(31160269, 31571594)、国家“十二·五”循环农业科技工程(2012BAD14B03)和甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室开放基金课题(GSCS-2012-13)资助 |
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| 摘 要： | 在陇中黄土高原干旱半干旱区,采用小区定位试验,对不同生物质炭输入水平下春小麦农田土壤温室气体(CO_2、N_2O和CH_4)的排放通量进行全生育期连续观测,并分析其影响因子。结果表明:6个生物质炭输入水平处理下0 t·hm~(-2)(CK)、10 t·hm~(-2)、20 t·hm~(-2)、30 t·hm~(-2)、40 t·hm~(-2)、50 t·hm~(-2)],旱作农田土壤在春小麦全生育期内均表现为CH_4弱源、N_2O源和CO_2源。全生育期各处理CH_4平均排放通量依次为:0.005 7 mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)、0.0047 mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)、0.003 6 mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)、0.003 3 mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)、0.002 7 mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)和0.000 4 mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1),N_2O平均排放通量依次为:0.230 5 mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)、0.144 1 mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)、0.135 3 mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)、0.098 9 mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)、0.125 0 mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1)和0.151 3mg·m~(-2)·h~(-1),CO_2平均排放通量依次为:0.449 2μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)、0.447 0μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)、0.430 3μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)、0.391 4μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)、0.408 0μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)和0.416 4μmol·m~(-2)·s~(-1)。土壤CH_4排放通量随生物质炭输入量的增加而减小;当生物质炭输入量小于30 t·hm~(-2)时,土壤N_2O、CO_2排放通量随其输入量增加而显著减小,但当其输入量超过30 t·hm~(-2)时,N_2O、CO_2排放通量则呈显著增大趋势。各处理在5~15 cm土层平均土壤温度差异显著(P0.05),在5~10 cm土层平均土壤含水量差异显著(P0.05),土壤温度及含水量受生物质炭影响明显;且CK处理不同土层的土壤温度及含水量波动最大,生物质炭输入可在一定程度上降低不同土层土壤的水热变化幅度;N_2O、CO_2排放通量与10~15 cm土层土壤温度呈显著性负相关,与20~25 cm土壤温度呈显著性正相关;CH_4平均排放通量与5~10 cm土层土壤温度呈显著性负相关,与其含水量呈显著性正相关;N_2O平均排放通量与15~20 cm土层土壤温度呈显著性正相关;CH_4、N_2O、CO_2平均排放通量与0~5 cm土层土壤水分呈显著性负相关。生物质炭的输入能够减小温室气体的排放,且会因其输入量的不同而异,因此适量应用生物质炭有利于旱作农田生育期内增汇减排。
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| 关 键 词： | 旱作农田 生物质炭 排放通量 CH4 N2O CO2 土壤温度 土壤湿度 |
| 收稿时间： | 2015/12/30 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 4/5/2016 12:00:00 AM |
Effect of different biochar application levels on greenhouse gas emissions in the Loess Plateau semi-arid environment in China |
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| SONG Min,QI Peng,CAI Liqun,Stephen Yeboah,ZHANG Jun,ZHANG Renzhi,WU Jun and XIE Junhong.Effect of different biochar application levels on greenhouse gas emissions in the Loess Plateau semi-arid environment in China[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2016,24(9):1185-1195. |
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| Authors: | SONG Min QI Peng CAI Liqun Stephen Yeboah ZHANG Jun ZHANG Renzhi WU Jun and XIE Junhong |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China 2. Gansu Provincial Key Lab for Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China 3. Gansu Province Research Center for Water-saving Agriculture Engineering Technology, Lanzhou 730070, China,1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China 2. Gansu Provincial Key Lab for Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China 3. Gansu Province Research Center for Water-saving Agriculture Engineering Technology, Lanzhou 730070, China,1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China 2. Gansu Provincial Key Lab for Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China 3. Gansu Province Research Center for Water-saving Agriculture Engineering Technology, Lanzhou 730070, China,1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China 2. Gansu Provincial Key Lab for Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China 3. Gansu Province Research Center for Water-saving Agriculture Engineering Technology, Lanzhou 730070, China 4. CSIR-Crops Research Institute, P.O. BOX 3780, Kumasi, Ghana,1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China 2. Gansu Provincial Key Lab for Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China 3. Gansu Province Research Center for Water-saving Agriculture Engineering Technology, Lanzhou 730070, China,1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China 2. Gansu Provincial Key Lab for Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China 3. Gansu Province Research Center for Water-saving Agriculture Engineering Technology, Lanzhou 730070, China,1. College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China 2. Gansu Provincial Key Lab for Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China 3. Gansu Province Research Center for Water-saving Agriculture Engineering Technology, Lanzhou 730070, China and 2. Gansu Provincial Key Lab for Arid Land Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China 3. Gansu Province Research Center for Water-saving Agriculture Engineering Technology, Lanzhou 730070, China |
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| Abstract: | Biochar is a carbon-rich solid product resulting from biomass heated in the absence of oxygen. Biochar application is deemed to have the potential for greenhouse gas mitigation. Dryland farming areas in Northwest China contribute tremendously to greenhouse gas emission. However, little studies have been conducted in the region involving the application of biochar to improve carbon sink and reduce carbon emission, and the optimal biochar application has remained uncertain. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of biochar on methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the semi-arid regions. Observation was done for the whole growth period of spring wheat and the treatments consisted of six different biochar rates — CK (0 t·hm-2), T1 (10 t·hm-2), T2 (20 t·hm-2), T3 (30 t·hm-2), T4 (40 t·hm-2) and T5 (50 t·hm-2) based on Randomized Complete Block design with three replications. The carbon dioxide analyzer and static chamber-gas chromatographic techniques were used to continuously measure and analyze the greenhouse gases fluxes. Soil moisture and temperature were measured simultaneously with gas measurement. The results showed that dry spring field during whole growth period under different biochar treatments were the sources for CH4, N2O and CO2. The trend of different biochar application rates in the average emission flux of CH4 was CK (0.005 7 mg·m-2·h-1) > T1 (0.004 7 mg·m-2·h-1) > T2 (0.003 6 mg·m-2·h-1) > T3 (0.003 3 mg·m-2·h-1) > T4 (0.002 7 mg·m-2·h-1) > T5 (0.000 4 mg·m-2·h-1). Similar trend of average emission flux of N2O were CK (0.230 5 mg·m-2·h-1) > T5 (0.151 3 mg·m-2·h-1) > T1 (0.144 1 mg·m-2·h-1) > T2 (0.135 3 mg·m-2·h-1) > T4 (0.125 0 mg·m-2·h-1) > T3 (0.098 9 mg·m-2·h-1). The average emission fluxes of CO2 were 0.449 2μmol· m-2·s-1 (CK), 0.447 0μmol· m-2·s-1 (T1), 0.430 3μmol· m-2·s-1 (T2), 0.391 4μmol· m-2·s-1 (T3), 0.408 0μmol· m-2·s-1 (T4) and 0.416 4μmol·m-2·s-1 (T5), respectively. The mean emission flux of CH4 reduced with increasing biochar application level. The results also showed that the mean emissions fluxes of N2O and CO2 significantly increased when biochar input exceeded 30 t·hm-2. Soil temperature and moisture were affected by biochar application. Both soil temperatures at 5-15 cm depth and soil moistures at 5-10 cm soil depth in biochar input exceeded 30 t·hm-2 treatments were significantly different from that of those in the other treatments. The ranges of soil temperature and soil moisture for different soil layers under the CK treatment were highest among all treatments. The application of biochar reduced the variation range of soil temperature and soil moisture at different soil layers. CH4 flux was significantly negatively correlated with soil temperature, while significantly positively correlated with soil moisture at 5-10 cm soil depth. The N2O and CO2 fluxes were negatively correlated with soil temperature at 10-15 cm soil depth, however, they were significantly positively correlated with soil temperature at 20-25 cm soil depth. In addition, soil temperature at 15-20 cm soil depth also had significant positive correlation with average N2O flux. Moreover, soil moisture at 0-5 cm soil depth had significant negative correlation with average CH4, N2O and CO2 fluxes. It is concluded that during the crop growth period, reasonable application of biochar could mitigate greenhouse gas emission in dry farmlands in the study area. |
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| Keywords: | Dry farmland Biochar Emission flux Methane Nitrous oxide Carbon dioxide Soil temperature Soil moisture |
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