| 长江支流大宁河巫溪段鱼类群落结构的年际变化及保护对策 |
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| 引用本文： | 唐会元,朱其广,金瑶,董纯,赵娜,陈小娟,李德旺.长江支流大宁河巫溪段鱼类群落结构的年际变化及保护对策[J].水生态学杂志,2023,44(6):63-71. |
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| 作者姓名： | 唐会元 朱其广 金瑶 董纯 赵娜 陈小娟 李德旺 |
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| 作者单位： | 水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所,水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所,水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所,水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所,水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所,水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所,水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所,水利部中国科学院水工程生态研究所 |
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| 基金项目： | 十四五”国家重点研发计划课题（2021YFC3200304）；水利部重大科技项目（SKR-2022015）；金沙江下游流域水生生态监测（JG/19018B） |
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| 摘 要： | 2011-2022年6-7月和11-12月在大宁河巫溪段开展了逐年渔获物调查，对该河段的鱼类种类组成、优势种、物种多样性、群落结构及其年际变动特征进行了研究，分析了三峡水库175 m正常蓄水后，该河段鱼类群落结构的年际变化特征及其影响因素，提出了该河段鱼类资源保护的对策。结果显示：10年间共采集到鱼类72种，其中长江上游特有鱼类9种，国家二级重点保护动物3种（胭脂鱼Myxocyprinus asiaticu、多鳞白甲鱼Onychostoma macrolepis和岩原鲤Procypris rabaudi）；鱼类种类组成在各年间的Jaccard指数值在0.85-1.00之间，种类组成在各年间差异不显著。巫溪段鱼类的Margalef 丰富度指数值和Shannon-Wiener多样性指数值在年际间呈现先上升，然后下降，最后再上升的趋势，而Pielou均匀度指数值则呈现先下降，然后再上升的趋势。巫溪段共分布有优势种7种，包括2种长江上游特有鱼类（齐口裂腹鱼Schizothorax prenanti和宽口光唇鱼Leptospira latifolia），以及1种国家重点保护动物（多鳞白甲鱼）。鱼类群落结构在2016年和2018年时发生了明显的变化，喜流水性的长江上游特有鱼类或国家重点保护鱼类在渔获物中相对丰度的减少，以及广适性的小型鱼类在渔获物中相对丰度的明显增加，是导致巫溪江段鱼类群落结构发生明显变动的主要原因；三峡水库的蓄水运行在巫溪江段鱼类群落结构变动中扮演着重要的角色。建议通过实施就地保护、生态景观修复、非土著鱼类控制等方式，加强对巫溪江段特有及重要鱼类种类的保护。
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| 关 键 词： | 大宁河 物种多样性 群落结构 年际变动 保护对策 |
| 收稿时间： | 2023/7/6 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2023/11/17 0:00:00 |
Interannual Variations of Fish Community Structure and Measures to Preserve Fishery Resources in the Wuxi Section of Daning River |
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| TANG Hui-yuan,ZHU Qi-guang,JIN Yao,DONG Chun,ZHAO N,CHEN Xiao-juan,LI De-wang.Interannual Variations of Fish Community Structure and Measures to Preserve Fishery Resources in the Wuxi Section of Daning River[J].Journal of Hydroecology,2023,44(6):63-71. |
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| Authors: | TANG Hui-yuan ZHU Qi-guang JIN Yao DONG Chun ZHAO N CHEN Xiao-juan LI De-wang |
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| Institution: | Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Key Laboratory of Ecological Impacts of Hydraulic-Projects and Restoration of Aquatic Ecosystem of Ministry of Water Resources, Institute of Hydroecology, Ministry of Water Resources and Chinese Academy of Sciences |
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| Abstract: | In June-July and November-December, 2011-2022, an annual fishery catch survey was carried out in Wuxi section of Daning River. The fish species composition, dominant species composition, species diversity, community structure and its interannual variation characteristics were studied. The interannual variation characteristics and influencing factors of fish community structure in this section were analyzed after the Three Gorges Reservoir was normally impounded for 175 m, and the countermeasures for protecting fish resources in this section were put forward. The results show that : totally 72 species of fish collected in the 10 years, including 9 species endemic to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and 3 species of national second-class protected animals (Myxocyprinus asiaticus, Onychostoma macrolepis, and Procypris rabaudi). The Jaccard coefficient valueswere between 0.85 and 1.00 in each year. There were no significant differences in species compositions among years.. Margalef richness index and Shannon-Wiener diversity index both showed the trend of first rising, then falling and then rising, while Pielou evenness index showed a trend of first falling and then rising. There were 7 dominant species in the study area, including 2 species of fish endemic to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River (Schizothorax prenanti and Leptospira latifolia) and 1 species of national key protected animal (Onychostoma macrolepis). The fish community structure changed obviously in 2016 and 2018. The decrease in the relative abundance of fish species that preference to running waters and endemic to the upper reaches of the Yangtze River or fish species under special state protection, as well as the obvious increase that of small fish with wide adaptability were the main reasons for the occurrence of obvious interannual changes in the fish community structure in the Wuxi section. The operation of the Three Gorges Reservoir has played an important role in the change of fish community structure in the Wuxi section. It is suggested that the protection of endemic and important fish species in the Wuxi section of Daninghe River should be strengthened by implementation of in-situ protection, ecological landscape restoration , non-indigenous fish control, and so on. |
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| Keywords: | Daning River species diversity community structure inter-annual variation protection countermeasures |
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