| 山东省苹果园磷素投入调查及磷环境负荷风险分析 |
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| 引用本文： | 朱占玲,夏 营,刘晶晶,葛顺峰,姜远茂.山东省苹果园磷素投入调查及磷环境负荷风险分析[J].园艺学报,2017,44(1):97-105. |
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| 作者姓名： | 朱占玲 夏 营 刘晶晶 葛顺峰 姜远茂 |
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| 作者单位： | 山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院，作物生物学国家重点实验室，山东泰安 271018 |
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| 基金项目： | 山东省自然科学基金项目（ZR2015PC001）；国家重点研发计划项目（2016YFD0201100）；国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项资金项目（CARS-28） |
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| 摘 要： | 以山东省苹果园土壤基础地力调查、农户肥料投入量调查和统计数据为基础,采用磷盈余法从区域角度分析了山东省胶东、鲁中南和鲁西南苹果产区果园生产体系中土壤磷素输入输出特点、磷养分盈余和土壤磷环境负荷风险。结果表明,山东省苹果园磷肥平均投入量(P_2O_5,下同)为676.17kg·hm~(-2),其中无机化肥投入的磷为477.36 kg·hm~(-2),占总投入的比例高达70.60%。不同产区间磷素投入存在显著差异,磷投入量以胶东苹果产区最高,为776.52 kg·hm~(-2),其中无机化肥带入的磷占总投入的69.14%,为3个产区最低;鲁西南苹果产区磷投入量最低,为348.90 kg·hm~(-2),但无机化肥带入的磷占总投入的比例最高(82.95%)。山东省97.82%的苹果园磷素处于盈余状态,平均盈余量为407.45 kg·hm~(-2),其中胶东苹果产区最高(615.62 kg·hm~(-2))、鲁中南苹果产区次之(342.81 kg·hm~(-2)),鲁西南苹果产区最低(263.92 kg·hm~(-2))。胶东、鲁中南和鲁西南苹果产区苹果园土壤Olsen-P含量高于风险阈值(50mg·kg~(-1))的样本比例分别为67.34%、40.51%和19.13%。整体来看,山东苹果园土壤Olsen-P含量超过风险阈值的样本比例高达56.69%,高于临界值的样本土壤Olsen-P平均含量为108.34 mg·kg~(-1),是土壤磷淋失环境风险临界值的2.17倍。
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| 关 键 词： | 苹果 果园 磷素投入 磷素盈余 环境负荷 |
Analysis of Soil Phosphorus Input and Phosphorus Environment Load Risk in Major Apple Production Regions of Shandong Province |
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| ZHU Zhanling,XIA Ying,LIU Jingjing,GE Shunfeng,JIANG Yuanmao.Analysis of Soil Phosphorus Input and Phosphorus Environment Load Risk in Major Apple Production Regions of Shandong Province[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2017,44(1):97-105. |
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| Authors: | ZHU Zhanling XIA Ying LIU Jingjing GE Shunfeng JIANG Yuanmao |
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| Institution: | College of Horticulture Science and Engineering，Shandong Agricultural University，State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology，Tai’an，Shandong 271018，China |
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| Abstract: | Based on the data collection through soil fertility survey of apple orchards，farmer interviewing and agricultural statistics database，the characteristics of P input，surplus and P load were studied using nutrient balance method at major apple production regions in Shandong Province. The results showed that the average application rate of P fertilizer（P2O5）was 676.17 kg · hm-2，and the P through inorganic fertilizer application was 477.36 kg · hm-2（70.60% of the total P input）. The characteristic of P input was significantly difference between the three different regions. The highest P input rate（776.52 kg · hm-2）was found in Jiaodong apple production region，and the percentage of chemical phosphorus was 69.14%，which was the lowest in the three regions；the lowest P input rate（348.90 kg · hm-2）was found in Southwestern area of Shandong，and the percentage of chemical phosphorus was 82.95%，which was the highest in the three regions. P surplus was investigated in the 97.82% of surveyed orchards，with the average amount of 407.45 kg · hm-2，and the highest P surplus rate was found in Jiaodong apple production region（615.62 kg · hm-2），followed by Central south area of Shandong（342.81 kg · hm-2），and South western area of Shandong（263.92 kg · hm-2）was the lowest. Soil Olsen-P level in 67.34%，40.51%，and 19.13% in the surveyed orchards had been over the risk threshold level of Olsen-P（50 mg · kg-1）in Jiaodong，Central south area of Shandong，and South western area of Shandong apple production region，respectively. Overall，up to 56.69% of the apple orchards exist phosphorus environment risk in Shandong Province，and the soil Olsen-P content in these orchards was 108.34 mg · kg-1，which 2.17 times of the risk threshold level of P. |
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| Keywords: | apple orchard phosphorus input phosphorus surplus phosphorus environment load risk |
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