Development of an open hardware 3-D printed conveyor device for continuous cryopreservation of non-batched samples |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, Louisiana State University and LSU Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA;2. Aquatic Germplasm and Genetic Resources Center, School of Renewable Natural Resources, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70820, USA;1. Fisheries Engineering Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, 216, Gijang-haeanro, Gijang-eup, Gijang-gun, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Marine Production Management, Chonnam National University, 50 Daehak-ro, Yeosu, Jeollananm-Do, 59626, Republic of Korea;3. Division of Marine Production System Management, Pukyong National University, 45 Yongso-ro, Busan, 48513, Republic of Korea;1. Programa de Magíster en Acuicultura, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo, 1281, Coquimbo, Chile;2. Vaki Chile Ltda., Parcela 53, Loteo El Mirador s/n, Puerto Varas, Chile;3. Departamento de Acuicultura, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Católica del Norte, Larrondo, 1281, Coquimbo, Chile;1. College of Ocean Engineering, Guangdong Ocean University, Guangdong 524088, China;2. College of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;3. Centre for Marine Technology and Ocean Engineering (CENTEC), Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;1. Sokoine University of Agriculture, Department of Animal, Aquaculture and Range Sciences, P.O Box, 3004, Morogoro, Tanzania;2. Mwalimu Julius K. Nyerere University of Agriculture and Technology, College of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, P.O Box 976, Musoma, Tanzania;3. Technical University of Denmark, DTU Aqua, Section for Aquaculture, The North Sea Research Centre, P.O. Box 101, DK-9850, Hirtshals, Denmark;4. Technical University of Denmark, Department of Environmental Engineering, DTU Environment, Bygningstorvet, Build. 115, DK-2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;1. Department of Environmental Technology and Management, Faculty of Environment, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand;2. Department of Veterinary Technology, Faculty of Veterinary Technology, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand;3. Integrated Biorefinery Excellent Center (IBC), School of Energy and Environment, University of Phayao, Phayao, 56000, Thailand |
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| Abstract: | A great challenge among communities participating in germplasm repository development is to obtain suitable cryopreservation equipment and devices. Commercial programmable freezers are costly and thus unaffordable to many users. Self-made devices have substantial variability , resulting in few opportunities for standardization across communities. The development of open hardware with the increasing accessibility of three-dimensional (3-D) printing offers rapid prototyping and easy fabrication of devices by users around the world at low cost. The present study explored the feasibility of developing operational prototypes of 3-D printed motorized cryopreservation devices for continuous freezing of non-batched samples. A controlled cooling conveyor device (CCCD) was designed and fabricated to cryopreserve sperm samples in straws that were loaded onto chain links suspended over liquid nitrogen held in a Styrofoam box. Cooling rates of 5–34 °C/min for 0.5-mL French straws were produced by adjusting the height of conveyor chains, slopes, and liquid nitrogen mass. The plunge temperature (−47 °C to −61 °C) was controlled by adjustment of conveyor speed. The cooling curves from the CCCD were comparable to a commercial programmable freezer. There were no significant differences in post-thaw motility of sperm from ornamental (Koi) common carp (Cyprinus carpio) among samples frozen with the CCCD and those frozen with a commercial programmable freezer. The post-thaw sperm motility was consistent among samples frozen in the CCCD across a 15-min time span. The CCCD prototypes in the present study proved to be feasible and functional as low-cost, customizable, portable, and yet standardizable options for freezing of individual (non-batched) samples. Additional design alternatives are proposed to facilitate further adaptation and development by diverse user communities. |
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| Keywords: | 3-D printing Sperm cryopreservation Open technology Device Low-cost Standardization Germplasm repository |
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