| 华北小农户不同规模化组织的生产效率研究 |
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| 引用本文： | 曹国鑫,王文珂,张宏彦,刘娟,张福锁,张卫峰.华北小农户不同规模化组织的生产效率研究[J].农业现代化研究,2015,36(6):1001-1006. |
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| 作者姓名： | 曹国鑫 王文珂 张宏彦 刘娟 张福锁 张卫峰 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国农业大学资源环境与粮食安全研究中心, 北京 100193,中国农业大学资源环境与粮食安全研究中心, 北京 100193,中国农业大学资源环境与粮食安全研究中心, 北京 100193,北京市农林科学院农业科技信息研究所，北京，100097,中国农业大学资源环境与粮食安全研究中心, 北京 100193,中国农业大学资源环境与粮食安全研究中心, 北京 100193 |
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| 基金项目： | 农业部“公益性行业（农业）科研专项经费”项目（201203079）。 |
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| 摘 要： | 小农户是我国农业生产主体,也是实现我国粮食安全战略的主要贡献力量,因此提高小农户的生产效率对提高我国的粮食生产具有重要的意义。以河北省曲周县小农户向规模化经营转变的几种典型模式(种粮大户、粮食种植专业合作社、高产创建以及一种新型的农民组织模式—大方操作)为对象,比较2012年夏玉米不同组织模式下农业生产因素,包括土壤,施肥,水分,劳动力及现金成本的差异,分析其农业生产效率,探讨不同农户组织方式生产效率差异及其原因。结果表明,不同形式的农户组织在满足农户技术需求和服务需求方面开展的工作存在明显的差异。与分散经营模式相比,向规模化经营转变的农户产量提高了2.9%-15.7%、关键技术平均到位率提高了18-71个百分点、农业劳动生产效率提高了36.8%-103.8%,在资源利用效率(氮肥利用效率和灌溉水利用效率)和资本生产率方面,除种粮大户低于分散经营农户之外,其他三种典型模式均高于分散经营农户,其中,大方操作模式在综合提升小农户各项效率效益方面表现更为突出。研究揭示了农业技术社会化服务体系和规模化经营方式结合更加具备提高农业生产效率的优势。
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| 关 键 词： | 大方操作 效率 农户组织 合作社 小农户 |
| 收稿时间： | 2014/12/11 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2015/5/15 0:00:00 |
Agricultural production efficiencies of four typical farming organizations in the North China Plain |
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| CAO Guo-xin,WANG Wen-ke,ZHANG Hong-yan,LIU Juan,ZHANG Fu-suo and ZHANG Wei-feng.Agricultural production efficiencies of four typical farming organizations in the North China Plain[J].Research of Agricultural Modernization,2015,36(6):1001-1006. |
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| Authors: | CAO Guo-xin WANG Wen-ke ZHANG Hong-yan LIU Juan ZHANG Fu-suo and ZHANG Wei-feng |
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| Institution: | Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security CREFS, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China,Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security CREFS, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China,Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security CREFS, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China,Institute of Information on Science and Technology of Agriculture, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China,Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security CREFS, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China and Center for Resources, Environment and Food Security CREFS, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China |
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| Abstract: | Small-scale farmers are the main body in Chinese agricultural production. They are also the main contributor for food security in China. Therefore, improving the production efficiency of small-scale farmers is very important for sustainable food production. In this paper, four typical farming organizations (large-scale grain production households, grain cooperatives, pursuing high-yield farmers and a new form of grain production organization: combining land for uniform practices or CLUP) of food production in the North China Plain were adopted to investigate the agricultural production efficiency. By comparing the specific quantities of agro-production factors in the four farming organizations, including soil, fertilizer, water, labor and capital of summer maize in 2012, a quantitative analysis was made on the difference of productivity efficiency and the reasons for such a difference. The results showed that the technical requirements and services for improving the agricultural production efficiency in four framing organizations were remarkably different. Compared with the decentralized operation model, the grain yield of the four typical organizations was increased by 2.9%-15.7%; the average adoption rate of key technologies was increased by 18-71 %; and the labor productivity was increased by 36.8%-103.8%. Except for the large-scale grain production households, the studied typical framing organizations achieved better resource use efficiency and cost-benefit ratio. The performance of the CLUP was more outstanding than the other three farming organizations on promoting various benefits of small-scale farmers. This study revealed that combining the agricultural socialized service system with the large agricultural management have advantages in improving agricultural production efficiency. |
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| Keywords: | combining land for uniform practice efficiency organizational form grain cooperatives small farmers |
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