Distribution of penicillins into subcutaneous tissue chambers in ponies |
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| Authors: | J M ENSINK W R KLEIN A BARNEVELD A G VULTO† ASJPAM van MIERT‡J J TUKKER§ |
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| Institution: | Department of General and Large Animal Surgery, The Netherlands;Veterinary Hospital Pharmacy, The Netherlands;Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences. Division of Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, The Netherlands;Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | The distribution of penicillins into a tissue chamber implanted subcutaneously in ponies was studied. Ampicillin sodium (equivalent to 15 mg/kg ampicillin) was administered intravenously. Pivampicillin, a prodrug of ampicillin, was administered by nasogastric tube to fed ponies at a dose of 19.9 mg/kg (equivalent to 15 mg/kg ampicillin). Procaine penicillin G was administered intramuscularly at a dose of 12 mg/kg (equivalent to 12 000 IU/kg). Six ponies were used for each medication. Antibiotic concentrations in plasma and tissue chamber fluid (TCF) were measured for 24 h after administration. Mean peak concentrations of ampicillin in TCF were 7.3 μg/mL, reached at 1.7 h, and 1.3 μg/mL, reached at 2.7 h, after administration of ampicillin sodium and pivampicillin respectively. The mean peak concentration of penicillin G of 0.3 μg/mL was reached 12.3 h after administration of procaine penicillin G. Concentrations in TCF remained above the minimum inhibitory concentration of Streptococcus zooepidemicus for the proposed dosing intervals of 8, 12 and 24 h for ampicillin sodium, pivampicillin and procaine penicillin G respectively. |
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