| 短芒大麦草青贮微生物特性研究及优良乳酸菌筛选 |
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| 引用本文： | 陶雅,李峰,高凤芹,孙启忠.短芒大麦草青贮微生物特性研究及优良乳酸菌筛选[J].草业学报,2015,24(12):66-73. |
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| 作者姓名： | 陶雅 李峰 高凤芹 孙启忠 |
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| 作者单位： | 1. 中国农业科学院草原研究所，内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010; 农业部牧草资源与利用重点实验室，内蒙古 呼和浩特 010010;2. 中国农业科学院草原研究所,内蒙古 呼和浩特,010010 |
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| 基金项目： | 中央公益性行业（农业）科研专项经费项目，中国农业科学院创新工程牧草栽培与加工利用 |
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| 摘 要： | 以短芒大麦草为研究对象,利用传统培养法从叶围和青贮发酵体系中分离出乳酸菌、大肠杆菌、好氧细菌、酵母菌和霉菌,并计数;结合细菌形态学、生理生化特征及16S r DNA序列分析鉴定分离出的乳酸菌菌株;通过研究乳酸菌的生长曲线、产酸特性及耐酸性,筛选优质乳酸菌。以期探明短芒大麦草叶围及青贮发酵体系中微生物菌群特性及青贮料中乳酸菌多样性,筛选出具有促发酵效果的乳酸菌菌株,为有益微生物饲料研发奠定基础。试验结果表明,短芒大麦草经青贮发酵后各微生物菌群数量发生不同程度变化,乳酸菌数量由0 cfu/g FM增加到4.00×108cfu/g FM,酵母菌数量由8.50×105cfu/g FM增加到1.02×108cfu/g FM,而好氧细菌、大肠杆菌和霉菌数量变化不明显;从短芒大麦草青贮发酵体系分离得到4株乳酸菌,经鉴定Lx36为Lactobacillus pentosus,Lx37为Lactobacillus brevis,Lx53为Pediococcus pentosaceus,Lx54为Lactobacillus parabuchneri;筛选得到1株益于青贮的乳酸菌株Lx36,约在20 h后进入稳定生长期,OD值达到4.21,且发酵12 h的p H仅为4.08,并可以在p H=3.0环境条件下生长。综上所述,青贮发酵是体系中各种微生物相互作用的过程,微生物菌群的数量及变化直接影响青贮饲料发酵品质。短芒大麦草青贮饲料中乳酸菌种类较丰富,筛选得到的戊糖乳杆菌繁殖速度快、产酸能力强同时表现出了较强的耐酸性,具有潜在的生产应用价值,适宜用作促发酵的青贮添加剂菌种。
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| 关 键 词： | 短芒大麦草 青贮 微生物特性 乳酸菌 |
| 收稿时间： | 2015-03-11 |
Microbial characteristics of Hordeum brevisubulatum silage and screening for lactic acid bacteria with high fermentation performance |
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| TAO Ya,LI Feng,GAO Feng-Qin,SUN Qi-Zhong.Microbial characteristics of Hordeum brevisubulatum silage and screening for lactic acid bacteria with high fermentation performance[J].Acta Prataculturae Sinica,2015,24(12):66-73. |
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| Authors: | TAO Ya LI Feng GAO Feng-Qin SUN Qi-Zhong |
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| Abstract: | A study has been undertaken to investigate the microbial community structure,microorganism popu-lations and diversity of lactic acid bacteria in Hordeum brevisubulatum silage.Lactic acid bacteria,coliform bacteria,aerobic bacteria,yeast and mold were isolated and counted by means of selective media.Lactic acid bacteria strains were identified by morphological observation,physiological and biochemical characteristics and partial 16S rDNA gene sequences.In order to assist the development of beneficial microorganisms for animal feed,the lactic acid bacteria strains with high fermentation performance were screened based on growth curves and their ability to produce and resist acid.The results showed that microorganism populations change in dif-ferent ways through the fermentation process.Lactic acid bacteria populations increased from 0 to 4.00×10 8cfu/g FM and yeast populations grew from 8.50×10 5 to 1.02×10 8 cfu/g FM,whereas coliform bacteria,aero-bic bacteria and mold populations did not change significantly.Four lactic acid bacteria strains were isolated from H .brevisubulatum silage which were identified at Lx36 isolation as Lactobacillus pentosus ,at Lx37 isola-tion as L.brevis ,at Lx53 isolation as Pediococcus pentosaceus and at Lx54 isolation as L.parabuchneri.Lx36 was screened out for high fermentation performance because it ceased to grow after 20 hours of cultivation, with an OD value of 4.21.The pH value of MRS broth (the bacterial growth medium)was only 4.08 after 12 hours of Lx36 cultivation,and the strain can survive in MRS broth with a pH of 3.0.These results indicate that silage fermentation is a process of microorganism interaction and that silage quality is directly influenced by the changing character of microorganism populations.Lactic acid bacteria species in H .brevisubulatum silage were relatively abundant.L.pentosus screened with a high ability to reproduce and to produce and resist acid, suggesting its potential value for practical applications. |
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| Keywords: | Hordeum brevisubulatum silage microbial characteristics lactic acid bacteria |
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