| 施加NPD对黄土坡面径流流速和侵蚀产沙的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 田娜玲,王占礼,张庆玮,王栋栋,刘俊娥,焦念.施加NPD对黄土坡面径流流速和侵蚀产沙的影响[J].水土保持研究,2019(1):22-28. |
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| 作者姓名： | 田娜玲 王占礼 张庆玮 王栋栋 刘俊娥 焦念 |
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| 作者单位： | 西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室;中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所;陕西师范大学地理科学与旅游学院;黄河西峰水土保持治理监督局 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFC0402401;2017YFD0800502);国家自然科学基金(41471230;41171227);黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室专项经费项目(A314021403-C2) |
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| 摘 要： | 天然聚合衍生物(NPD)是一种新型的高分子聚合物,是坡面土壤侵蚀化学调控措施所采用的一种新型材料,通过室内人工模拟降雨试验,以裸坡为对照,研究了不同NPD施加措施(撒施和喷施)及不同施加量(1.0,3.0,5.0g/m2)条件下径流流速特征以及对侵蚀产沙的影响。结果表明:(1)施加NPD的坡面径流流速随降雨历时的变化与裸坡一致,均呈先增大后逐渐趋于稳定的趋势,且流速随降雨历时的变化过程可用对数方程描述。撒施在1.0mm/min雨强下,延迟降雨初始产流时间8～19min,而喷施在3个雨强下,初始产流的时间整体上较裸坡提前1～2min;(2)与裸坡相比,施加NPD具有显著减小流速的效应,且雨强越大,减小流速的效应越差;施加不同剂量NPD减缓坡面径流流速的效益范围13.2%～54.3%。其中撒施3g/m2剂量和喷施5g/m2剂量对坡面径流流速的减小效应相对较好;(3)与裸坡相比,施加NPD具有显著的减沙效应,且减沙效应范围为30.6%～71.2%。无论是撒施还是喷施,整体表现为5g/m2计量的减沙效应最好。(4)裸土坡面的侵蚀模数对平均流速的响应关系与撒施和喷施NPD坡面的侵蚀模数对平均流速的响应关系皆可用对数方程表示,且撒施和喷施对流速的减小作用均大于减沙作用。
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| 关 键 词： | NPD 径流流速 撒施 喷施 减沙效应 |
Effects of Nature Polymer Derivatives on the Flow Velocity and Sediment Yield of Loess Hillslope |
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| TIAN Naling,WANG Zhanli,ZHANG Qingwei,WANG Dongdong,LIU June,JIAO Nian.Effects of Nature Polymer Derivatives on the Flow Velocity and Sediment Yield of Loess Hillslope[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2019(1):22-28. |
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| Authors: | TIAN Naling WANG Zhanli ZHANG Qingwei WANG Dongdong LIU June JIAO Nian |
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| Institution: | (State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and ministry of Water Resources,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;College of Geography and Tourism,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi′an 710019,China;Xifeng Scientific Experiment Station of Soil and Water Conservation,Yellow River Water Conservancy Commission,Xifeng,Gansu 745000,China) |
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| Abstract: | TIAN Naling;WANG Zhanli;ZHANG Qingwei;WANG Dongdong;LIU June;JIAO Nian(State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau,Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Chinese Academy of Sciences and ministry of Water Resources,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;College of Geography and Tourism,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi′an 710019,China;Xifeng Scientific Experiment Station of Soil and Water Conservation,Yellow River Water Conservancy Commission,Xifeng,Gansu 745000,China) |
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| Keywords: | natural polymer derivative flow velocity dry spreading spraying sediment reduction |
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