| 香菇双螺杆挤压膨化机的设计与试验 |
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| 引用本文： | 王明友,宋卫东,丁天航,王教领,周德欢,吴今姬.香菇双螺杆挤压膨化机的设计与试验[J].农业工程学报,2020,36(5):293-301. |
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| 作者姓名： | 王明友 宋卫东 丁天航 王教领 周德欢 吴今姬 |
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| 作者单位： | 农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,南京 210014;农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,南京 210014;农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,南京 210014;农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,南京 210014;农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,南京 210014;农业农村部南京农业机械化研究所,南京 210014 |
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| 基金项目： | 中国农科院创新工程特色农产品干制与加工团队、中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费（S201617）联合支持。 |
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| 摘 要： | 针对现有双螺杆挤压膨化设备生产香菇膨化产品时存在物料堵塞、预熟度低、作业参数缺失等问题而导致生产的产品膨化率低、吸水性差、硬度高等缺陷,该研究设计了一种香菇双螺杆挤压膨化设备,并对设备中的关键部件喂料搅拌防堵装置、预熟调质装置与双螺杆结构参数进行了设计与确定。同时,为探究设备中的作业参数对产品膨化性能的影响,研究了设备的螺杆转速、膨化温度、物料含水率对产品的膨化率、硬度、脆度、吸水性的影响。结果表明:影响膨化率的显著性顺序依次为螺杆转速、物料含水率、膨化温度;影响硬度的显著性顺序依次为螺杆转速、膨化温度、物料含水率;影响脆度的显著性顺序依次为膨化温度、物料含水率、螺杆转速;影响吸水性的显著性顺序依次为膨化温度、物料含水率、螺杆转速。其次,结合各因素交互作用的影响规律与目标优化结果,得出设备的最佳作业参数为:螺杆转速167.23r/min,膨化温度151.68℃,物料含水率16.83%,此时,产品的膨化率、硬度、脆度、吸水性分别为4.04%、18.61N、-8.46mm/cm^2、313.86%。将优化后的参数值在设备中进行了生产性应用,得到生产值与优化值的误差均小于4%,最大生产率为165 kg/h。与扬州大学机械工程学院实验室内的现有设备相比,在提高物料送料的连续性与调质熟化度的基础上,膨化率提高了25.00%,硬度降低了48.21%、脆度提升了40.55%、吸水性提高了62.35%。因此,该机的设计可为香菇膨化产品的开发提供了一种较为成熟的技术装备。
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| 关 键 词： | 农产品 加工 膨化机 香菇 挤压 设计 |
| 收稿时间： | 2019/7/31 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2020/1/20 0:00:00 |
Design and test of twin screw extruder for Lentinus edodes |
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| Wang Mingyou,Song Weidong,Ding Tianhang,Wang Jiaoling,Zhou Dehuan and Wu Jinji.Design and test of twin screw extruder for Lentinus edodes[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2020,36(5):293-301. |
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| Authors: | Wang Mingyou Song Weidong Ding Tianhang Wang Jiaoling Zhou Dehuan and Wu Jinji |
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| Institution: | Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China,Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China,Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China,Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China,Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China and Nanjing Research Institute for Agricultural Mechanization, Ministry of Agriculture, Nanjing 210014, China |
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| Abstract: | China is the largest producer and exporter of Lentinus edodes in the world. To improve its market value, twin-screw extrusion and expansion machine has been developed to further process the Lentinus edodes. To resolve the problems of blockage, low prematurity and missing operation parameters of this machine in producing Lentinus edodes pufferent, we presented an improved twin-screw extrusion and expansion machine in this paper to lower puffer ability, improve water absorption and reduce its hardness. The equipment consists of a frame, a mixing device, a feeding device, a tempering device, a heating device, an extruding and bulking device and a rotary cutting device. It is equipped with a cooling system, a lubricating system, a transmission system, a control system and a pressure detection system. Design and determination of the anti-blocking device for the feed mixing device, the pre-maturing and tempering device, and the structural parameters of the twin screw were conducted. In order to investigate the influence of operation parameters on swelling performance of the product, the Box-benhnken combined test method was used to study the working parameters of the double screw extruder. The effects of screw speed, extrusion temperature and water content on the swelling rate, hardness, brittleness and water absorption of the expanded product were analyzed, and the determinants were optimized. The results showed that, based on the level of the significance, 1) factors affecting the expansion rate were ranked in material water content > expansion temperature > screw speed, 2) factors affecting hardness were ranked in material moisture content > screw speed > swelling temperature, 3) factors affecting brittleness were ranked in material moisture content > screw speed, 4) factors affecting water absorption were ranked in material moisture content > swelling temperature > screw speed. The optimal operating parameters were: screw speed 167.23 r/min, swelling temperature 151.68℃, material moisture content 16.83%. Under these conditions, the swelling rate, hardness, brittleness and water absorption of the product were increased by 4.04%, 18.61 N,-8.46 mm/cm^2 and 313.86% respectively, compared to the traditional machine. Practical application of the optimized parameters revealed that the error between the optimized productivity and real productivity was less than 4%, with the maximum productivity being 165 kg/h. Compared with the existing equipment in the laboratory at School of Mechanical Engineering in Yangzhou University, the designed machine increased the swelling rate, brittleness, water adsorption and brittleness by 25.00%, 40.55% and 62.35% respectively, while reducing the hardness by 48.21%. Therefore, the design of this machine can provide relatively mature technical equipment for the development of mushroom swelling products. |
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| Keywords: | agricultural products processing machines Lentinula edodes extrusion design |
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