| 武威市霜冻变化特征及其对农作物的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 蒋菊芳,刘明春,魏育国,李亚萍,杨梅.武威市霜冻变化特征及其对农作物的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(31):87-91. |
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| 作者姓名： | 蒋菊芳 刘明春 魏育国 李亚萍 杨梅 |
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| 作者单位： | 甘肃省武威市气象局,甘肃省武威市气象局,甘肃省武威市气象局,甘肃省武威市气象局,甘肃省武威市气象局 |
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| 基金项目： | 公益性行业（气象）科研专项（重大专项）“干旱气象科学研究——我国北方干旱致灾过程及机理”(GYHY201506001-2)；甘肃省气象局科研 面上项目“甜高粱在河西的气候适应性研究”(GSMAMs2016-13)；干旱基金“荒漠植物对干旱环境的适应机理及干旱阈值研究”(IAM201507)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 为增强气象为农服务能力,减少霜冻造成的损失,笔者以1961—2015年武威市各县(区)霜冻和农作物生育及产量资料为基础,分析了霜冻特征及灾害发生的概率和影响。结果表明:(1)55年来武威市各县(区)初霜日推迟17~23天,终霜日提前20~29天,无霜期延长天数达39~48天;变异系数:无霜期终霜日初霜日;(2)终霜日60年代到90年代多为正距平,21世纪以来多为负距平;而初霜日和无霜期60年代到90年代多为负距平,21世纪以来为正距平;60、70年代距平变幅较大;(3)从霜冻出现时平均地面最低气温看,发生重霜冻害概率民勤9%,凉州2%;发生中霜冻害概率民勤7%,凉州7%,古浪2%;而发生轻霜冻害概率民勤84%,凉州91%,古浪98%;(4)霜冻对喜温作物春玉米的影响明显大于春小麦,且春玉米三叶—七叶期是霜冻危害最敏感的时期,初霜日越早、无霜期越短,春小麦、春玉米和粮食作物易受早霜冻害影响产量;而终霜日越晚,农作物遭受晚霜冻害风险提高。
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| 关 键 词： | 武威市 霜冻 农作物 影响 |
| 收稿时间： | 2016/9/13 0:00:00 |
| 修稿时间： | 2017/10/7 0:00:00 |
Frost: Variation Characteristics and Its Influence on Crops in Wuwei |
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| Abstract: | To enhance the capacity of meteorological services for agriculture and reduce the loss caused by frost to agricultural production, we analyzed the characteristic of frost and the probability and the impact of disasters, which founded the data of frost and growth and crop yield from 1961 to 2015 at Wuwei counties (districts). Results showed that: (1) The first frost date was delayed 17-23 days at Wuwei counties (districts) in 55 years. The last frost date was advanced 20 to 29 days and the frost-free period was prolonged 39-48 days. The change coefficient of frost-free period > > last frost date> first frost date. (2) The last frost date was mostly positive anomaly in the 60 s to 90 s, the 21st century was most negative anomaly. The first frost date and frost-free period were mostly negative anomaly in the 60 s to 90 s, the 21st century was most positive anomaly. The anomaly amplitude was bigger in the 60 s to 70 s. (3) From the average ground lowest temperature when frost appeared, the probability of serious frost damage was 9% at Minqin, the Liangzhou was 2%. The probability of middle frost damage was 7% at Minqin, the Liangzhou was 7%, the Gulang was 2%. The probability of light frost damage was 84% at Minqin, the Liangzhou was 91%, the Gulang was 98%. (4) The influence of frost on thermophilic crops of spring corn was significantly greater than spring wheat. And the frost damage most sensitive period of spring corn was 3~ 7 leaves stage. When the first frost was earlier, the frost-free period was shorter, the spring wheat, spring corn and grain crops easily harmed by early frost and influenced yield. The last frost date was later, the spring wheat, spring corn and grain crops suffered from the late frost hazard risk was greatly increased. |
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| Keywords: | Wuwei City frost crop effect |
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