Toward direct measurement of atmospheric nucleation |
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| Authors: | Kulmala Markku Riipinen Ilona Sipilä Mikko Manninen Hanna E Petäjä Tuukka Junninen Heikki Maso Miikka Dal Mordas Genrik Mirme Aadu Vana Marko Hirsikko Anne Laakso Lauri Harrison Roy M Hanson Ian Leung Carl Lehtinen Kari E J Kerminen Veli-Matti |
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| Institution: | Department of Physical Sciences, University of Helsinki, Post Office Box 64, FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland. kulmala@pcu.helsinki.fi |
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| Abstract: | Atmospheric aerosol formation is known to occur almost all over the world, and the importance of these particles to climate and air quality has been recognized. Although almost all of the processes driving aerosol formation take place below a particle diameter of 3 nanometers, observations cover only larger particles. We introduce an instrumental setup to measure atmospheric concentrations of both neutral and charged nanometer-sized clusters. By applying the instruments in the field, we come to three important conclusions: (i) A pool of numerous neutral clusters in the sub-3 nanometer size range is continuously present; (ii) the processes initiating atmospheric aerosol formation start from particle sizes of approximately 1.5 nanometers; and (iii) neutral nucleation dominates over the ion-induced mechanism, at least in boreal forest conditions. |
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