Nutritional value of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) seeds for feed and food |
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| Authors: | Katell Crépon Pascal Marget Corinne Peyronnet Benoit Carrouée Paolo Arese Gérard Duc |
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| Institution: | 1. Union nationale interprofessionnelle des plantes riches en protéines (UNIP), 12 av. George V, 75008 Paris, France;2. Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), UMR 102, Génétique et Ecophysiologie des Légumineuses à Graines, BP 86510, 21065 Dijon cédex, France;3. Dipartmento di Genetica, Biologia e Biochimica, Università di Torino, Via Santena 5 bis, 10126 Torino, Italy |
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| Abstract: | Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) is a protein-rich legume seed well adapted to most climatic areas of Europe and widely used for feed and food. Even if the seed is generally recognized to be of good nutritional value, existing genetic variability for seed composition offers possibilities for improvement of this trait by breeding. Four major quality types must be distinguished according to the presence or absence of tannins in the integuments and of vicine (V) and convicine (C) in the cotyledons. The nutritional value of diets containing varying amounts of different faba bean cultivars characterized by high or low levels of tannins, and high or low levels of vicine + convicine (VC), has been examined in monogastric animals and ruminants. Low-tannin content generally results in higher protein and energy digestibility for monogastric animals and low VC content has a positive effect on laying hen and broiler production performances. V and C, inactive precursors of divicine and isouramil are redox compounds potentially toxic to human carriers of a widespread genetic deficiency of the erythrocyte (red blood cell, RBC) enzyme glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD). Ingestion of faba beans by these deficient individuals may cause a severe, potentially lethal hemolytic anemia (favism). The mechanism of action of divicine and isouramil in the G6PD-deficient RBC is discussed. |
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| Keywords: | V vicine D divicine C convicine I isouramil VC vicine + convicine T+ tannin-containing T&minus tannin-free RBC red blood cell erythrocyte GSH reduced glutathione G6PD glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase LDL low-density lipoprotein |
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