Understanding the relationships between genetic and phenotypic structures of a collection of elite durum wheat accessions |
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| Authors: | Conxita Royo Marco Maccaferri Fanny Álvaro Marc Moragues Maria Corinna Sanguineti Roberto Tuberosa Fouad Maalouf Luis F García del Moral Andrea Demontis Sayar Rhouma Miloudi Nachit Nasserlehaq Nserallah Dolors Villegas |
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| Institution: | 1. IRTA (Institute for Food and Agricultural Research and Technology), Field Crops Section, Cereal Breeding, Centre UdL-IRTA, Rovira Roure, 191, 25198 Lleida, Spain;2. Department of Agroenvironmental Sciences and Tecnology, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy;3. Department of Plant Breeding, Lebanese Agricultural Research Institute, Zahleh, Lebanon;4. Department of Plant Physiology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;5. Società Produttori Sementi Bologna, Research Division, 40050 Argelato, Italy;6. Tunisian National Institute of Agronomic Research, 2080 Tuni, Tunisia;g ICARDA, Aleppo, Syria;h CRRA-INRA, Settat, Morocco |
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| Abstract: | A collection of 191 durum wheat accessions representing Mediterranean Basin genetic diversity was grown in nine different environments in four countries, with productivities ranging from 0.99 to 6.78 t ha−1. The population breeding structure comprised eight genetic subpopulations (GSPs) using data derived from 97 evenly distributed SSR markers. The phenotypic structure was assessed: (i) from the mean values of six agronomic traits across environments (multivariate), and (ii) from data representing each trait in each environment (univariate). Mean daily maximum temperature from emergence to heading was significantly (P < 0.05) and negatively associated to yield, accounting for 59% of yield variations. Significant but weak relationships were obtained between the genetic similarities among accessions and their overall agronomic performance (r = 0.15, P < 0.001), plant height (r = 0.12, P < 0.001), spike–peduncle length (r = 0.06, P < 0.01) and thousand kernel weight (r = 0.03, P < 0.05), suggesting a very low possibility of prediction of the agronomic performance based on random SSR markers. The percentage of variability (measured by sum of squares) explained by the environment varied between 76.3 and 98.5% depending on the trait, while that explained by genotypes ranged between 0.4 and 12.6%, and that explained by the GE interaction ranged from 1.1 to 12.5%. The clustering of the accessions based on multivariate phenotypic data offered the best explanation of genotypic differences, accounting for 30.3% (for yield) to 75.1% (for kernel weight) of the observed variation. The genotype × environment interaction was best explained by the phenotypic univariate clustering procedure, which explained from 28.5% (for kernel weight) to 74.9% (for days to heading) of variation. The only accessions that clustered both in the genetic dissimilarities tree and the tree obtained using Euclidean distances based on standardized phenotypic data across environments were those closely related to the CIMMYT hallmark founder ‘Altar 84’, the ICARDA accessions adapted to continental-dryland areas, and the landraces, suggesting that genetic proximity corresponded to agronomic performance in only a few cases. |
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| Keywords: | Triticum turgidum Germplasm collection Genetic diversity Genotype × environment interaction DARWin |
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