| 不同盐渍土中生物炭对玉米生理生长的影响 |
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| 引用本文： | 迮裕雯,朱成立,黄明逸,赵红玉,翟亚明.不同盐渍土中生物炭对玉米生理生长的影响[J].排灌机械工程学报,2021,39(4):426-432. |
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| 作者姓名： | 迮裕雯 朱成立 黄明逸 赵红玉 翟亚明 |
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| 作者单位： | 河海大学农业科学与工程学院, 江苏 南京210098 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFC0400200)。 |
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| 摘 要： | 为研究适宜于不同滨海盐渍土的生物炭改良方案,以江苏滨海垦区2种典型盐渍土(粉砂壤土、砂壤土)和玉米为研究对象,设置0,25,50,75,100 g/kg生物炭水平,探讨了生物炭对不同滨海盐渍土的改良效果及玉米生理生长的影响.结果表明:生物炭添加后,土壤电导率、Na+质量浓度降低,Ca2+,Mg2+,K+质量浓度升高,0~20 cm土壤容重减小,孔隙度增大,有机质质量比升高.适量生物炭促进了玉米光合作用,叶片净光合速率、气孔导度、叶绿素质量分数有所增长.同时,生物炭降低了盐渍土对玉米的盐分胁迫,叶片脱落酸物质的量浓度及ωNa+/ωK+比减小,并缓解了氧化应激反应,过氧化氢、丙二醛物质的量浓度明显降低.生物炭改良效果因土壤质地而异,粉砂壤土中,生物炭不宜过多,生理生产指标在50 g/kg时达到峰值,增至75,100 g/kg时,反而导致孔隙堵塞并发生盐分累积,光合受阻,盐分胁迫、氧化损伤加剧,抑制玉米生长生产;砂壤土中,25 g/kg生物炭对土壤及玉米的影响较小,增至50 g/kg及以上时效果显著,但在75,100 g/kg间无明显差异.研究表明,粉砂壤和砂壤质地的盐渍土改良所适宜的生物炭施用量分别是50和75 g/kg.
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| 关 键 词： | 盐渍土 土壤质地 生物炭 玉米 滨海垦区 |
| 收稿时间： | 2020-07-23 |
Effect of biochar application in different saline soils on physiological growth of maize |
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| ZE Yuwen,ZHU Chengli,HUANG Mingyi,ZHAO Hongyu,ZHAI Yaming.Effect of biochar application in different saline soils on physiological growth of maize[J].Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering,2021,39(4):426-432. |
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| Authors: | ZE Yuwen ZHU Chengli HUANG Mingyi ZHAO Hongyu ZHAI Yaming |
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| Institution: | College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210098, China |
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| Abstract: | In order to explore the biochar application schemes suitable for different coastal saline soils,the maize growth experiment was conducted in two typical saline soils(silt loam,sandy loam)from the coastal reclamation area of Jiangsu.The effect of biochar(0,25,50,75,100 g/kg)on the reclamation of coastal saline soils and the maize physiological growth was discussed.The results showed that biochar decreased the electrical conductivity and Na+concentration;and increased Ca2+,Mg2+and K+concentration;biochar decreased the bulk density of the 0—20 cm layer of costal saline soils,and increased the porosity and organic matter content.Appropriate biochar application promoted the photosynthesis ability of maize,increasing the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and chlorophyll content of leaves.At the same time,biochar mitigated the salt stress of saline soil on maize,resulting in lower leaf abscisic acid content andωNa+/ωK+ratio.The leaf hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde were significantly reduced by biochar,indicating the alleviated oxidative stress response.The suitable biochar addition amount varied with soil texture.In silt loam soil,the physiological and maize yield index reached their peak at 50 g/kg.Biochar application up to 75 and 100 g/kg caused pore blocked and aggravated soil salt accumulation,inhibited photosynthesis,increased salt stress and oxidative damage,and interfered with maize growth and yield.In sandy loam soil,25 g/kg biochar had little effect on the soil and maize.When it increased to 50 g/kg and above,the effect was significant,but there was no significant difference between 75 g/kg and 100 g/kg treatment.Studies have shown that the suitable biochar additions for the improvement of silt loam and sandy loam are 50 and 75 g/kg,respectively. |
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| Keywords: | saline soil soil texture biochar maize coastal reclamation area |
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