Integration of pre- and postharvest treatments for the control of black spot caused by Alternaria alternata in stored persimmon fruit |
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| Authors: | Ilana Kobiler Miriam Akerman Leah Huberman Dov Prusky |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China;2. College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China;3. Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, 7505101, Israel;1. College of Food Science and Engineering, Bohai University, Jinzhou, 121013, China;2. Food Safety Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province, National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, 121013, China;1. School of Life Sciences, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, People’s Republic of China;2. Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing 226019, People’s Republic of China;1. Beijing Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functional Foods, Beijing Union University, Beijing, 100191, PR China;2. College of Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China;3. College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, PR China;4. Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Central Punjab, 1-Khayaban-e-Jinnah Johar Town, Lahore, Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | In Israel, black spot caused by Alternaria alternata is the main postharvest factor that impairs the quality and reduces the storability of persimmon fruit (Diospyros kaki cv. Triumph). The fungus infects the fruit in the orchard and remains quiescent until harvest. After harvest, the pathogen slowly colonizes the fruit during storage at 0 °C, which elicits black spot symptom development 2–3 months after storage entry. A commercial postharvest dip treatment in chlorine at 500 mg L?1, released from sodium troclosene tablets, effectively controlled black spot in fruit stored for up to 2 months. However, decay incidence increased as the length of storage was extended beyond 2.5 months. The long incubation period that precedes black spot symptom development after harvest enabled the development of a series of integrative approaches for application at the pre- and postharvest stages, in combination with the commercial chlorine dip treatment, to improve the control of black spot disease. Preharvest treatments included treatment with the cytokinin-like N1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N3-phenylurea (CPPU) 30 d after fruit set, or a single spray with the curative fungicide polyoxin B 14 d before harvest, and when one of these was applied in combination with the postharvest chlorine dip treatment, the black spot infected area was reduced by 3 and 60%, respectively, compared with the chlorine dip alone. At the postharvest stage, fogging during storage, or post-storage on-line spraying with sodium troclosene, when applied in combination with the postharvest chlorine dip, improved the percentage of marketable fruit by 2 or 10%, respectively, compared with the chlorine dip alone. The results indicate that postharvest pathogens that show a slow colonization pattern might enable the integration of pre- and postharvest disease control methods to improve quality and reduce postharvest disease development. |
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