| 玉米不同器官元素分布对施肥的响应 |
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| 引用本文： | 胡昊,白由路,杨俐苹,孔庆波,卢艳丽,王磊,王志勇.玉米不同器官元素分布对施肥的响应[J].中国农业科学,2009,42(3):912-917. |
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| 作者姓名： | 胡昊 白由路 杨俐苹 孔庆波 卢艳丽 王磊 王志勇 |
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| 作者单位： | 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/农业部植物营养学重点开放试验室,北京,100081 |
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| 基金项目： | 国家重点基础研究发展规划(973计划) |
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| 摘 要： | 【目的】研究施肥条件下玉米不同器官干重、元素分布的比值变化，揭示施肥对作物的影响。【方法】设置不施肥（CK）、施氮磷肥（NP）、施氮钾肥（NK）、施磷钾肥（PK）、施氮磷钾肥（NPK）5个处理，用田间试验方法研究了成熟期农大108玉米茎秆、叶片、籽粒的干重以及N、P、K、Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn等元素分布对不同施肥处理的响应。【结果】玉米干重及元素含量在不同器官的分布存在差异，N含量为叶片＞籽粒＞茎秆，P含量为籽粒＞叶片＞茎秆，K含量为茎秆＞叶片＞籽粒，Fe含量为叶片＞茎秆＞籽粒。施肥降低了不同器官间N、P、K、Fe元素含量的差异，改变了不同器官干重与Cu、Zn元素含量在整株中的相对比值。除个别处理外，N、P、Fe与Cu、Zn元素的对施肥的响应趋势具有一致性。同时，玉米不同器官元素分布对不同肥料组合的响应存在差异性，N、P、K元素对不同肥料组合响应程度较大，Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn微量元素响应较小;玉米茎、叶对不同肥料组合响应程度较大，籽粒较小。从总体上看，NPK处理对玉米元素分布的影响高于NP、NK、PK处理。另外，玉米不同器官元素的分布受肥料交互效应的影响。【结论】不同肥料配施对玉米不同器官元素分布影响的趋势与程度既存在共性也存在差异性，通过调整施肥可以改善作物养分在不同器官的分布，促进养分的吸收和良性循环，从而达到优质高效生产的目的。
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| 关 键 词： | 元素分布 施肥 玉米 |
| 收稿时间： | 2008-5-4 |
Response of Element Distribution in Various Organs of Maize to Fertilizer Application |
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| HU Hao,BAI You-lu,YANG Li-ping,KONG Qing-bo,LU Yan-li,WANG Lei,WANG Zhi-yong.Response of Element Distribution in Various Organs of Maize to Fertilizer Application[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2009,42(3):912-917. |
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| Authors: | HU Hao BAI You-lu YANG Li-ping KONG Qing-bo LU Yan-li WANG Lei WANG Zhi-yong |
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| Institution: | Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Nutrient Cycling, Ministry of Agriculture |
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| Abstract: | 【Objective】 The effect of fertilizer application on biomass dry weight and element distribution in various organs of maize (Zea mays L.) was investigated to disclose the internal mechanism of fertilizer effect on crop. 【Method】 Five fertilizer treatments were designed, i.e.no fertilizer (CK), nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer (NP), and nitrogen-potassium fertilizer (NK), phosphorus-potassium (PK), and nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium fertilizer (NPK). A field experiment on the response of biomass dry weight and N, P, K, Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn element distribution in stem, leaf and seed of maize to different fertilizer application treatments was carried out. 【Result】 The results showed that dry weight, element content of various organs of maize were different. N content in various organs was in the order of leaf ＞seed＞stem; P content was in the order of seed＞leaf＞stem; K content was in the order of stem＞leaf＞seed; Fe content was in the order leaf ＞stem＞seed. Fertilizer application reduced the differences in N, P, K, and Fe content in various organs, and changed the ratio of between dry weight and the Cu, Zn contents in leaf, seed and stem. Except for a few treatments, the response trend of N, P, Fe elements to fertilizer application was similar to Cu and Zn. The response of element content in various organs of maize to different fertilizer combinations was also different. The response extent of the major elements of N, P and K to fertilizer application was larger than microelements Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn. The response extent of stem and leaf was larger than seed. The response of elements to NPK fertilizer treatment was bigger than NP, NK, and PK. On the whole, response differences of element distribution to various fertilizer treatments were not remarkable. Besides, element distribution in various organs of maize was also influenced by the mutual effect of fertilizer varieties. 【Conclusion】 The response trend and extent of various element distributions to different fertilizer treatments had both similarities and differences. Adjusting fertilizer application could change the biomass dry weight and element distribution in various organs of maize, thus promoting the uptake and cycle of nutrients. This investigation has provided a useful information for high yield production. |
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| Keywords: | element distribution fertilizer application maize |
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